19th Century Scientific Instruments

Engravings and illustrations of historical scientific devices and apparatuses from the 19th century, showcasing innovations in engineering and physics.

Illustration of an nineteenth century cog and gear mechanism

Plan view of the dynamometer of the Eastern company, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Illustration showing Edison's automatic current regulator 1890

An engraving depicting Carre's apparatus for the artificial production of ice. A vessel containing concentrated ammonia is heated. The vaporised ammonia liquefies. Subsequent cooling vaporises ammonia producing cold. Dated 19th century

Sir Francis Ronald's dial telegraph and line. 1882. Sir Francis Ronald's FRS (21 February 1788 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor; and arguably the first electrical engineer. He was knighted for creating the first working electric telegraph.

Jules Antoine Lissajou's original apparatus (1857-58) for studying optically the vibration of sound. Engraving from''Science for All'', London c1880.

Boiler Climax, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Illustration depicting Heinrich Hertz's experiment on electromagnetic waves: demonstration to prove Maxwell's contention that a metallic surface should reflect electromagnetic waves. Resonator at R sends out waves, S, which are reflected by mirror at M, and received by resonator at C. Heinrich Hertz (1857-1894) a German physicist who conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves theorised by James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of light. Dated 20th century

Engraving depicting the condenser of James Watt's steam engine. James Watt (1736-1819) a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist. Dated 19th century

The elements copper and zinc, welded together, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1836.

Illustration of an nineteenth century cog and gear mechanism

Principle of the carding engine: revolving drum covered with wire teeth, the top covered with concave frame with similar teeth. Cotton lap is fed through the rollers from left overnight drum. The fibres are now caught by second toothed cylinder and the sorted fibres are fed into can on right. Dated 1845

Maneuver the disc, vintage engraving. Maneuver the disc, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1861. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10674192

Mailliet pump Bruay mines, Cross section at the back of the machine showing the massive masonry, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Magnetic propeller or 'solenoid'

Mr. Fizeau device, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857.

Harrow Berwickshire, vintage engraving. Harrow Berwickshire, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673851

An engraving depicting Heinrich Hertz's oscillator used in experiments on electromagnetic waves. The terminals of an induction coil (top) connected to a condenser consisting of two metal plates each 40cm square set 60cm apart in the same plane. An initial spark passing between metal balls at the centre formed a path for subsequent oscillations which were measured. Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (1857-1894) a German physicist. Dated 20th century

Engraving depicting Aeneas Coffey's still for the continuous production of spirit in large quantities. Aeneas Coffey (1780-1839) an Irish inventor and distiller. Dated 19th century

Illustration of Hooke's Law on elasticity of materials, showing stretching of a spring. Robert Hooke (1635-1703), English scientist and inventor, formulated his law in 1676, stating that the elongation of elastic materials is proportional to the force applied. From 'De Potentia Restitutiva', Robert Hooke, (London, 1678). Engraving.

Maneuver the disc, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1861.

Engraving depicting a simple wind pump fitted to a well. Dated 19th century

Needles simple horizontal plane, vintage engraving. Needles simple horizontal plane, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1861. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10674132

Engraving depicting an experiment performed by William Herschel (1738-1822) a British astronomer and composer, which investigated the heating effects of rays lying below the red end of spectrum (infra-red). Dated 19th Century

Hollerith tabulating machine. Diagram of the circuit closing press. From Park Benjamin Modern Mechanism, London and New York, 1892.

Cross-section of Elihu Whitney's (1765-1825) saw-gin for cleaning cotton. Seeds can be seen ejected on left, while cotton fibres are passing on right. Wood engraving 1865.

An engraving depicting a sectional view of the electrical furnace used by Henri Moissan to produce artificial diamonds by compressing pure sugar charcoal in a cylinder of soft iron with a soft iron plug: this was put in a crucible containing 200g of molten iron and melted in an electric furnace, the withdrawn and rapidly cooled. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting a microfilter: arrangement of wires in a filar position-Micrometre, the type in general use in the late 19th century. Dated 19th Century

Opening of the railway to the top of Mount Vesuvius, 1880. 'Sections of Carriages...An extraordinary novelty in railway construction...the Railway...commences at a gradient of 40 deg. at the very foot of a cone, underneath which...lie granite and other igneous rocks. The line is placed on 12-inch wooden sleepers,...bolted together in a very solid manner. Shortly after leaving the little station the gradient becomes steeper - 30 deg. to 33 deg. Apparently - and then, after ascending the cone, comes to a termination about 100 ft. below the edge of the crater. The carriage in which the visitors

Carburetor spray, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Harrow Berwickshire, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857.

cross-section of an English brewery boiler Date: circa 1880

Leopolder bell, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Detail of the lamp to print photographs, late 19th century. Old 19th century engraving from La Nature 1887

Section of self-regulation, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Hub for two channels perpendicular to each other, vintage engraving. Hub for two channels perpendicular to each other, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1861. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10674173

Engraving depicting an experiment involving an inclined plane used to demonstrate the action of gravity on a falling body. Dated 18th Century

Engraving depicting the Hero of Alexandria's method of opening and shutting temple doors. Hero of Alexandria (10-70) a Greek mathematician and engineer. Dated 17th Century

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Desensitization

Automatic drain cup, vintage engraved illustration.

Production of ethanol, alcohol, ethyl alcohol and potable alcohol, continuous distillation apparatus, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th century master copy

A diagram showing a method for rendering surgical operations painless. A vapour of sulphur was inhaled, and within a couple of minutes the patient was anaesthetised. Date: 1847

An engraving depicting the mechanism of the Drummond Light (limelight or oxy-hydrogen light). Dated 19th century

DIAGRAM OF THE UPPER END OF THE 150-FOOT TOWER TELESCOPE AND DOME

Illustration of an 19th Century mechanical weighing scales

An engraving depicting a sectional view and front elevation of St Marc's still, for continuous distillation of large quantities of alcohol. (c 1823)

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Romanischer Rundbogenfries. Veröffentlichung der Meyers Enzyklopädie Romanesque round-arch frieze. Publication of the Meyers encyclopedia, Vol. 7, Leipzig, Germany, 1910. LicenseRF Copyright: xZoonar.com/SergeyxKohlx 23189390

Drawing. Image belonging to a collection of glass negative motifs from AB de Laval's steam turbine. Pressure regulator.

PRIMERA MAQUINA DE VAPOR MODERNA - 1769. Author: JAMES WATT.

An apparatus for collecting the chlorine in the water, vintage engraving. An apparatus for collecting the chlorine in the water, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673999

Ribaudeau an old fishing near Calais barrel in 1827, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1836.

Illustration from a book depicting different types of Roman mouldings, including the Roman Ovolo, Roman Ogee and Egg and Tongue Moulding. Dated 1913

Surveying, early 17th century. Artist: Unknown

Illustration depicting a design for a German flying machine. Dated 19th Century

Sectional view of a carding engine: this machine brushed and separated the cotton fibres. Dated 1866

Engraving of Edward Staite's patent electric light apparatus, exhibited at the Hanover Square Rooms, London in 1848. The light used a weight-driven mechanism, controlled by the heat of the arc of electricity expanding and contracting a copper strip. Although not a commercial success to begin with, W. Petrie's improvements to the original design led to Edison and Swan adopting the light in the 1870's. Date: November 18th 1848

Reed's (Reid's) Syringe used at St Thomas's Hospital, London to pump out the stomach in cases of poisoning. Fig. A: Fluid is being forced into the stomach. Fig B: Contents of the stomach are being pumped into a receiver. Fig. C: Syringe for fumigating the intestines with tobacco smoke. From Alexander Jamieson A Dictionary of Mechanical Science, Arts, Manufactures and Miscellaneous Knowledge, London, 1833.

Giant crossbow, crossbow, sling machine after Leonardo da Vinci, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century model, exact date unknown

Cross-section of the roller-gin to remove seed knots and dirt from raw cotton. Woodcut, London, 1849.

Apparatus for telpherage woods, vintage engraved illustration.

Drawing of a standard 18th century English navigational magnetic compass. 1747

Elevation and plan an electric machine to kill, vintage engraving. Elevation and plan an electric machine to kill, vintage engraved illustration. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10647884

Astronomical sextant for measuring distances used by Tycho Brahe (1546-1601).

An engraving depicting a fly shuttle used in power looms. Top: shuttle. Bottom: shuttle in its "shed" showing the device for throwing it from right to left: a similar device was fitted the other side to throw it from left to right. Dated 19th century

The Time Ball, Royal Observatory, Greenwich, Fig. 5, 1844. 'The hour of one o'clock is announced by the descent of a large black ball, from the summit of a pole, which surmounts the northwestern turret of the Observatory; a position singularly favourable for its exhibition to mariners on their progress down the adjacent river Thames. The apparatus...may be said to consist of a hoist for raising the ball, a trigger and discharging gear for its liberation, and a clock, regulated by observation, for giving the required moment of time...Fig. 5. The discharging trigger, placed in the first flo

Section of a very stony land drainage ditch, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

An engraving depicting the method of surveying a site which would have a fountain at L fed by the reservoir on the high ground (left). 1 Toise = 6 ft. Dated 18th century

Planimeter used in conjunction with a set square for surveying, 1605. Artist: Unknown

Frühgotischer Säulensockel. Veröffentlichung der Meyers Enzyklopädie Early Gothic column base. Publication of the Meyers encyclopedia, Vol. 7, Leipzig, Germany, 1910. LicenseRF Copyright: xZoonar.com/SergeyxKohlx 23189359

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Schemic drawing of point focus pipes to show stereo radiography. For more info see: Bäckström, Helmer. Photographic manual. Other revised edition. Nature and Culture. Stockholm. 1948. p. 1156.

An engraving depicting the method of Kicking-down' a well. The spring-pawl method of sinking an oil well, using a drilling bit suspended on a rope. Engraving from 'Les Merveilles de la Science' by Louis Figuier (1819-1894) a French scientist and writer. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting an experiment designed by John Tyndall to produce heat by friction. John Tyndall (1820-1893) an Irish physicist. Dated 19th Century

Wood tree washer attack by lineatus Tomicus, vintage engraving. Wood tree washer attack by lineatus Tomicus, vintage engraved illustration. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10648031

Dam Sheepster, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875.

Engraving depicting a diagram Richard Arkwright's water frame. Richard Arkwright (1732-1792) an English inventor and a leading entrepreneur during the early Industrial Revolution. Dated 19th century

Illustration from a book depicting a Corinthian Column divided and labelled Dated 1913

Waffentecnhik, construction of the firing pin mechanism, Model 1841 to (1862), in a rifle, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of an original 19th century pattern, exact original date unknown

Cenotes at Chichen Itza, Mexico, 1895, anthropology, archaeology, cenotes, Chichen Itza, field notes, geology, Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula, Archives, many hats of Holmes, The illustration depicts a series of five sequential diagrams showing the processes of erosion and landscape change over time. Each numbered section presents a different stage, highlighting the gradual transformation of a hillside or riverbank due to natural forces. - The first diagram illustrates the initial state of the landscape, featuring a serene setting with gentle slopes and vegetation. - The second stage shows signs of early erosion as small rills begin to form, indicating the effects of water runoff. - In the third depiction, the erosion intensifies, creating more defined channels and altering the terrain significantly. - The fourth representation demonstrates a further progression, where the land has begun to break away, revealing steep cliffs and more pronounced water pathways. - The

THE PARIS INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION

An engraving depicting an Argand burner. Dated 19th century

Illustration depicting a Surveyor's Quadrant. Dated 18th Century

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as lecture material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm 1948-1958.Old light hits the negative.

an auxiliary machine for the mechanical production of barrels, industrial product from the year 1880 / eine Hilfsmaschine zur maschinellen Herstellung von Fässern, Industrieprodukt aus dem Jahr 1880, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Originaldatum nicht bekannt, Kolorierung, koloriert, handkoloriert, Hand-colouring, hand coloured, colored.

Dimension of barley grain, vintage engraving. Dimension of barley grain, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1853. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673844

Historic drawing from the 19th century, hydraulic organ by Heron of Alexandria also known as Mechanicus, a Greek mathematician and engineer, organon hydraulikon

An engraving depicting the end elevation of a roller ship by Ernest Bazin - designed as a Channel steamer. Dated 19th century

"De naturae...historia" Fludd, 1618

The Great Exhibition Building in Hyde Park - Circular Plane - Showing Cutter, 1850. 'We were informed that this...is only the second machine of the kind which has been put up. It is patented by W. Furness, of Liverpool. When in action, it requires the attendance of two men and one boy. The planes, or cutters...rotate with considerable velocity, and plane at one time one side of three "quarter baulks"; the cutters are attached to a cross-arm between the uprights of a frame somewhat similar to a vertical saw frame'. From "Illustrated London News", 1850.

Split mandrel, vintage engraving. Split mandrel, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1853. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673829

Engraving depicting methods of filling up drains. Left: a,b) trench, c) stones laid on edge, d) small stones, e) turf, f) soil. Middle: a,b) trench, c) 'sole' on which d) tile rests above the tile are rubble and stones. Right: tube drain, a,b) trench, c) tube, d) soil filling. Dated 19th Century

Telegraphone: magnetic recording telephone invented by vlademar poulsen (1869-1942). He applied for a patent on 1 December 1898, and the instrument aroused great interest at the Paris Exposition of 1900. Ribbon Telegraphone: detail of thin steel mounted on pulleys. 25th June 1900.

Engraving depicting the trajectory of a cannon ball shown as a parabolic path rather than a circular arc. Dated 17th Century

DRAWING OF A SECTION OF THE HOOKER TELESCOPE BUILDING AND DOME, THE PIER, AND THE TELESCOPE AS SEEN FROM THE WEST.

A woodcut engraving depicting an experiment to prove the existence of a vacuum, conducted by Galileo Galilei. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) an Italian polymath, physicist, philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer. Dated 17th Century

Engraving depicting the application of photographic emulsion to a glass plate by centrifugal action generated. Dated 19th Century

Chemische Waage / analytical balance, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digital restaurierte Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, genaues Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

Generation of alternating current in a wire loop

Casing of wells drilled. Layout used for driving tubes by pulling, vintage engraving. Casing of wells drilled. Layout used for driving tubes by pulling, vintage engraved illustration. Industrial encyclopedia E.-O. Lami - 1875. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10648819

An engraving depicting an experiment by William Herschel to investigate the heating effects of rays lying below the red end of the spectrum (infra-red). William Herschel (1738-1822) a German-born British astronomer and composer. Dated 19th century

Postal and telegraphic system, schematic diagram of a telephone connection / Post- und Telegraphenwesen, Schematische Darstellung einer Telefon-Verbindung, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

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