19th Century Scientific Instruments

A collection of engravings showcasing various 19th-century inventions, including a contact breaker, butter churns, a magic lantern, an early loom, and bread-making machinery.

The Pasteur Institute. Large grow stove with automatic gas regulator 1890 Paris, France. Old XIX century engraved illustration from La Ilustracion Española y Americana 1890

Engraving depicting Hermann von Helmholtz's contact breaker. Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894) a German physician and physicist. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting a vertical treadle butter churn (left) and a barrel churn containing an axle with fan vanes turned by a crank handle. Dated 19th Century

A magic lantern illuminated by Dubosc's carbon lamp.

An engraving depicting a woman weaving with an early loom. Dated 19th century

An engraving depicting a bakery using Dalglish's aerated bread making machinery. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting the sorting of lead shots: the sifted shot is allowed to roll down an inclined plane. The perfect shot rolls more quickly than the misshapen pieces and so falls into the box furthest away from the end of the plane, while the imperfect shot falls into the other box and is melted down and recast. Dated 19th century

An engraving depicting a bakery using Dalglish's aerated bread making machinery. Dated 19th century

The Pasteur Institute. Large grow stove with automatic gas regulator 1890 Paris, France. Old XIX century engraved illustration from La Ilustracion Española y Americana 1890

Engraving depicting a mechanical catapult wound up by a winch (right). When the rope was released, the weight (upper right) pulled the arm swiftly downwards, projecting the barrel (perhaps containing Greek Fire) at the enemy. Dated 17th century

Apparatus for the use of accumulated wind power as an engine by Ferdinand Redtenbacher, Germany and 1860, Use of wind power, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date unknown

Cosmographic apparatus of Louis Girod. Old illustration from La Nature 1887

Single barrel of George and Edward Scheutz's calculating machine. Based on Babbage's 'difference engine' it was developed between 1837 and 1843. It was purchased for Dudley Observatory, Albany, New York and a copy made by Donkins for calculating life tables at Somerset House. From The Illustrated London News, 1853.

An engraving depicting a battery of wet cells being used to power a carbon arc lamp illuminating a projecting microscope. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting an Alliance (Nollet) generator being used to power a carbon arc lamp. Used in lighthouses at La Heve.

Hauksbee's first electric machine

Engraving depicting a milk condensing apparatus using a 10 ft 6in cast iron vacuum pan (B). The dome (B) is connected by vapour pipe (C ) to catcher (D) which is divided into two by an apron (D) to prevent boiling over. Vapour is led from catcher via a pipe to the condenser (E). Dated 19th Century

Old Wenham gas lamp. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1886

Illustration showing a small and compact typewriter, circa 1895, used for reporting lectures as well as for ordinary correspondence. The apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying figure, and weighs only 5 lbs.

Gramophone, phonograph by Thomas Alva Edison, 1881, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact date not known

An engraving depicting a mercury box for developing daguerreotypes. Dated 19th century

Varley's improved form of vacuum lightning protector for telegraphs. Shown at the International Electric Exhibition at the Crystal Palace. 1882.

Various views of Hughes microphone, dated November 1879.

An engraving depicting the Alliance Nollet generator being used to power a carbon arc lamp. Used in lighthouses at La Heve. Dated 19th century

Seebeck's experiment

Perspective view of the Great Clock of the Royal Exchange, 1844. 'The clock of our Exchange is now going, and what is of equal importance, it is going accurately..The clock...has not varied one half second during the last four weeks!...the Gresham Committee, for rebuilding the Royal Exchange, being desirous of procuring a clock which would give the instant of mean time at Greenwich, solicited the assistance of the Astronomer Royal Sir George Biddell Airy in the adaptation and arrangement of the clockmaker's machinery, and generally in the regulation and approval of the entire work..it was fi

Compressed air filter, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1878.

PRIMERA CALDERA DE VAPOR - 1690. Author: DENIS PAPIN.

Illustration depicting stereotyping apparatus using gas heaters and paper Mache. Work could be more rapidly produced at less cost than previously. Dated 19th century

Allegory of physics, chemistry and astronomy: astronomical telescope, compass, alembic, globe on a stand; illustration from L'Illustration, Journal Universel, No 602, Volume XXIV, September 9, 1854.

Marina de guerra de la República Argentina. Cañón Armstrong del "Constitución", de a 600. Vista de la recámara. Grabado por Tomás Carlos Capuz (1834-1899). La Ilustración Española y Americana, 22 de julio de 1883.

TELEGRAPHONE: magnetic recording tele phone invented by Valdemar Poulsen (1869-1942). He applied for a patent on 1 December 1898; and the instrument aroused great interest at the Paris Exposition of 1900. RIBBON TELEGRAPHONE: detail of thin steel ribbon mounted on pulleys. Wire telegraphone in which piano wire was used for the recording. 1904.

Household electricity. 1, Light watch holder. 2, Bag for travel lighting. 3, Travel light. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1884

Various views of Hughes' microphone. Dated November 1879.

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler

Engraving depicting Segur's inflow water turbine or 'vortex wheel'. Dated 19th century

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A hand operated irrigation pump

Engraving of the 'Aerophore' Breathing Apparatus, invented by the French engineer M. Denayrouze, 1874. Denayrouze designed this compressed air breathing machine for use in exploring mines full of noxious gases. Date: 1874

The Maxim Repeating Cannon. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1886

Engraving depicting a water driven mechanical organ. The engraving depicts how the pins on the revolving drum open and close the pipes. Dated 17th century

Snail shell water wheel. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1889

An engraving depicting Newcomen's atmospheric steam engine (1705). The boiler is at A, and the piston H, is pushed by steam up the open cylinder C: it descends due to atmospheric pressure when steam in the cylinder is cooled and condensed by water from a cistern, g. Dated 19th century

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A water powered pulverising machine

Engraving depicting an experiment that demonstrates the centre of gravity. A key balances on the head of a nail. Dated 19th Century

Denis Papin's second steam engine

The device of M. Duchenne (de Boulogne)

Trouve's auxanoscope for projecting medals, drawings and photographs on to a screen. The light was an incandescent electric lamp powered by four bichromate cells. From Cassell's Family Magazine, London, 1888.

Engraving depicting Bennett's gold leaf electroscope

Sectional view of a telegraph tower using Chappe's (1763-1805) semaphore system, showing the method of moving the signalling arms. From Louis Figuier 'Les Merveilles de la Science', Paris, c1870. Engraving

An engraving depicting the process of analysing wine at the Municipal Laboratory, Paris. Dated 19th century

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A water powered pump for supplying water to fountains

Bijou sewing machine, produced by Mascart, France, illustration from L'Illustration, Journal Universel, No 1147, Volume XLV, February 18, 1865.

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A hand operated milling machine

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A hand operated contraption for operating two pumps

Illustration of Edison's recording apparatus. The apparatus was used for making recordings on a wax disc, showing the clockwork mechanism housed in the stand under the disc. Dated 19th Century

Drilling of a tunnel under the Saint Clair River in United States, USA. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1890

Rotary ozonator at the Compagnie de l'Ozone factory in Paris. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1899

Historical illustration, 1896, nautical instruments

Typesetting machine from Mackie, historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler

The first telephone, invented by Johann Philipp Reis in 1860, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Old Wenham gas lamp. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1886

Engraving depicting a Breguet's thermometer. A Breguet's thermometer, also called a spiral thermometer, is a type of thermometer which uses the expansion of metal under heat to produce a measurement more sensitive, and with a higher range, than both mercury and air thermometers. Dated 19th Century

Illustration showing Dipping tallow candles, left, and frame of dips hung to cool and set 1882

Engraving depicting the dome of the Nice Observatory, an astronomical observatory located in Nice, France on the summit of Mont Gros. France. Dated 19th Century

Preparation of pyrophoric iron, vintage engraving. Preparation of pyrophoric iron, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1869. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10678498

Amateur observatories, Interior views, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857.

Monotype machine / Letternsetzmaschine von Mackie, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert,.

Edison's phonometer which measured the mechanical force of sound waves produced by the human voice. From George Bartlett Prescott The electric telephone, New York, 1890.

An engraving depicting an engine used for cutting teeth of clock wheels. Dated 19th century

A magic lantern show. The lanterns used differ little from Kircher's in the 17th century, consisting of box with lamp placed at focus of concave mirror. Reflected light falls on condensing lens which concentrates it on a slide. Here two lanterns are being used to give dissolving views. The apparatus is mounted on a wheeled trolley, so that the operator behind the screen can alter the size of the image seen by the audience. From A Ganot Natural Philosophy, London, 1887.

Illustration showing Various appliances using electricity a heat source. A: Cigar lighter. B: Small electric heater. C: Bain-marie. D: Cigar lighter. E: Soldering iron. F: Heater for curling tongs. G: Frying pan. H: Iron. 1892

Engraving depicting an electric gyroscope, a device consisting of a wheel or disc mounted so that it can spin rapidly about an axis which is itself free to alter in direction. Dated 19th Century

A new invention for the convenience of those who prefer to do their own dry shampooing. Robinson was a regular contributor to the Sketch, the Bystander and other ILN titles during his lifetime. His weekly drawings featuring mind-boggling contraptions and designs were immensely popular. Please note: Credit must appear as Courtesy of the estate of Mrs J.C.Robinson/Pollinger Ltd/ILN/Mary Evans 1926

Engraving depicting an adaptation of Newcomen's atmospheric steam engine. The boiler lies outside the picture to the left, but the open cylinder F) is clearly shown, as is the receiver E) which prevents cold water for condensing steam from entering the boiler. Dated 19th century

A man exercising his arm muscles on a pulley system with weights attached. Lithograph by W. Hunter.

Tobacco processing machines 1890: circular blade machine, digitally restored reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Archimedean scew for raising water. Engraving 1617.

An engraving depicting an olive press near Athens, to express the oil. Dated 19th century

An engraving depicting a Persian Wheel. Also known as a Sakia, it was a mechanical water lifting device which uses buckets, jars, or scoops fastened either directly to a vertical wheel, or to an endless belt activated by such a wheel. Dated 19th century

Utensils for making candles, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1873.

Amateur observatories, Interior views, vintage engraving. Amateur observatories, Interior views, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857. Copyright: xZoonar.com/PatrickxGuenettex 10673803

Rapid-firing Hotchkiss barrel on a crinoline mount. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1888

Volta's fundemental experiment

Das Dosieren und Verschließen von Champagnerflaschen in Frankreich im Jahre 1885, Historisch, digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. ...

Engraving depicting the measuring of the specific gravity of alcohol with a hydrometer. Dated 19th century

Pocket battery with three elements. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1883

Fig. CV. Hydrotechnema, cum antlitrochis., 1662. Additional, Hydrotechnema, trochantlicon., 1662., Coloniæ Agrippinæ. Publisher, Sumptibus Pauli Principis, Technempolæi Noribergici. Topics include mechanical engineering, machinery, mills and mill-work, waterwheels, gearing, and engravings

Engraving depicting Johannes Gutenberg's printer. Johannes Gutenberg (1400-1468) a German blacksmith, goldsmith, printer, and publisher who introduced printing to Europe. Dated 19th century

The pyromagnetic electricity generator. Automatic battery of Edward O'Keenan. Old 19th century engraving from La Nature 1887

Engraving depicting a revolving bookshelf which was shown at the Great Exhibition in 1851. Dated 19th century

How to extracts the oxygen gas or mercury oxide red oxide, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1857.

John Mayow's (1640-1679) experiment to prove the volume of air is reduced by combustion. From his 'Tractatus quinque medico-physici', 1674.

Engraving of Symington's steam engine, used to successfully to drive the paddles of a boat on Lake Dalswinton, Scotland. Dated 18th Century

firemen reports the outbreak of a fire using a fixed telephone in Paris 1901

Europe. 15th-16th century. Persecution of witchcraft. Torment chamber. Engraving by Germania, 1882.

Konig's flame manometer for demonstrating the vibration of sounds. Engraving from ''Science for All'', London, c1880.

Engraving depicting an electroplating bath with part of the side cut away to show arrangement of items to be silver plated. Dated 20th century

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A water powered irrigation pump

Cremation: Sectional view of furnace of the type to be installed in the Pere la Chaise crematorium, Paris, France. Illustration published in 1888 while the building was under construction. Engraving.

Dorisches Gebälk und Dach. Veröffentlichung der Meyers Enzyklopädie Doric entablature and roof. Publication of the Meyers encyclopedia, Vol. 7, Leipzig, Germany, 1910. LicenseRF Copyright: xZoonar.com/SergeyxKohlx 23189388

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