Apollo Mission Briefings

Historic black-and-white images of astronauts and flight controllers during Apollo mission debriefings and operations, highlighting teamwork in space exploration.

A group of eight astronauts and flight controllers monitor the console activity in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) of the Mission Control Center (MCC) during the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission. Seated, left to right, are MOCR Guidance Officer Raymond F. Teague; Astronaut Edgar D. Michell, and Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr., Standing, left to right, are Scientist-Astronaut Anthony W. England; Astronaut Joe H. Engle; Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan; Astronaut Ronald E. Evans; and M.P. Frank, a flight controller. When this picture was made, the Apollo 13 moon landing had already been cancelled, and the Apollo 13 crewmen were in transearth trajectory attempting to bring their crippled spacecraft back home. 04.14.1970

S69-35507 (June 1969) --- The prime crews of the Apollo 10 lunar orbit mission and the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission are photographed during an Apollo 10 postflight de-briefing session. Clockwise, from left, are astronauts Michael Collins, Apollo 11 command module pilot; Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Apollo 11 lunar module pilot; Eugene A. Cernan, Apollo 10 lunar module pilot; Thomas P. Stafford, Apollo 10 commander; Neil A. Armstrong, Apollo 11 commander; and John W. Young, Apollo 10 command module pilot.

S65-18055 (23 March 1965) --- Flight director John D. Hedge (left), chief, Flight Control Division; Glynn S. Lunney (standing left), chief, Flight Dynamics Branch, Flight Control Division; and James W. Beach, assistant flight director for Gemini-Titan 3, are shown in the Mission Control Center, Houston, Texas during the Gemini-Titan 3 flight.

Mission Control Activities during the STS-3 Mission, Day-4 with Maj. Gen. James A. Abrahamson, Associate Administrator of the Space Transportation System (STS), NASA Hdqs., conversing with Dr. Kraft; Glynn S. Lunney, Manager, Space Shuttle Program Office, JSC, Aaron Cohen, Manager, Space Shuttle Orbiter Project Office; and, J. E. Conner, Ford Aerospace Engineer at the Instrumentation and Communications Officer (INCO) Console position. 1. Glynn S. Lunney 2. Major General James A. Abrahamson 3. Aaron Cohen 4. J. E. Conner 5. Dr. Christopher Kraft JSC, Houston, TX

A group of eight astronauts and flight controllers monitor the console activity in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) of the Mission Control Center (MCC) during the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission. Seated, left to right, are MOCR Guidance Officer Raymond F. Teague; Astronaut Edgar D. Michell, and Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr., Standing, left to right, are Scientist-Astronaut Anthony W. England; Astronaut Joe H. Engle; Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan; Astronaut Ronald E. Evans; and M.P. Frank, a flight controller. When this picture was made, the Apollo 13 moon landing had already been cancelled, and the Apollo 13 crewmen were in transearth trajectory attempting to bring their crippled spacecraft back home. 04.14.1970

San Antonio, Texas high school student, Terry C. Quist (left), and Dr. Raymond Gause of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), discuss the students experiment to be performed aboard the Skylab the following year. His experiment, “Earth Orbital Neutron Analysis” required detectors such as the one he is examining in this photo. The detector was to be attached to a water tank in Skylab. Neutrons striking the detectors left traces that were brought out by a chemical etching process after the Skylab mission. Quists experiment seeked to record neutron hits, count them, and determine their direction. This information was to help determine the source of neutrons in the solar system. Quist was among 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following years Skylab mission. The nationwide scientific competition was sponsored by the National Science Teachers Association and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

S65-62062 (12 Dec. 1965) --- Discussing the scrubbing of the planned National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Gemini-6 spaceflight are (from left) William C. Schneider (standing), deputy director, Gemini Program Office of Manned Spaceflight, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; Eugene F. Kranz (seated), white team flight director; Christopher C. Kraft Jr., red team flight director; and John D. Hodge, blue team flight director. The Gemini-6 mission has been rescheduled for Dec. 15, 1965.

S65-62938 (16 Dec. 1965) --- John D. Hodge (foreground), Christopher C. Kraft Jr. (center) and Eugene F. Kranz discuss recovery operations for the Gemini-6 spacecraft in the Mission Control Center (MCC) at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) in Houston, Texas. The event was monitored via live television in MCC.

Alan Shepard and engineer looking at equipment, alone in Visual Docking Simulator, with engineers in Visual Docking Simulator.

Astronaut James Lovell at the controls of the Visual Docking Simulator. From A.W. Vogeley, "Piloted Space-Flight Simulation at Langley Research Center," Paper presented at the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1966 Winter Meeting, New York, NY, November 27-December 1, 1966. "This facility was later known as the Visual-Optical Simulator. It presents to the pilot an out-the-window view of his target in correct 6 degrees of freedom motion. The scene is obtained by a television camera pick-up viewing a small-scale gimbaled model of the target." "For docking studies, the docking target picture was projected onto the surface of a 20-foot-diameter sphere and the pilot could, effectively, maneuver into contract. this facility was used in a comparison study with the Rendezvous Docking Simulator - one of the few comparison experiments in which conditions were carefully controlled and a reasonable sample of pilots used. All pilots preferred the more realistic RDS visual scene. The pilots

Anefo photo collection. Minister of Education Art and Science Cals has officially opened new zosological and genetic laboratory of the University of the University. January 14, 1963. Leiden, South Holland

S68-18733 (22 Jan. 1968) --- Dr. Robert R. Gilruth (right), MSC Director, sits with Dr. Christopher C. Kraft Jr., MSC director of flight operations, at his flight operations director console in the Mission Control Center, Building 30, during the Apollo 5 (LM-1/Saturn 204) unmanned space mission.

Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Director, Dr. Wernher von Braun (left) confers with the Director of the MSFC Launch Operation Directorate, Dr. Debus, during the countdown for the Saturn/Pegasus (Saturn I, SA-9) launch. The successful launch of the Pegasus satellite marked the largest unmarned instrumented satellite in orbit up to 1965.

Youngstown, Ohio high school student, W. Brian Dunlap, is greeted by (left to right) Astronauts Russell L. Schweickart, and Owen K. Garriott; Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Skylab Program Manager, Leland Belew; and MSFC Director of Administration and Technical Services, David Newby, during a tour of MSFC. Dunlap was among 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following years Skylab mission. The nationwide scientific competition was sponsored by the National Science Teachers Association and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Display of railway industry, laboratory

Dr. von Braun, Director of the Development Operations Divisons, and Dr. Debus, Director of the Missile Firing Laboratory; Army Ballistic Missile Agency (ABMA), in the blockhouse during the launch of the Pioneer IV, March 3, 1959.

S69-35502 (June 1969) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan (left), lunar module pilot of the Apollo 10 lunar orbit mission, confers with astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr. during an Apollo 10 postflight de-briefing session. Aldrin is the lunar module pilot of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission.

Anefo photo collection. Assignment Tektronix Ltd. Schiphol conference. October 2, 1969. Noord-Holland, Schiphol

Atom Chief Explains:Sir John D. Cockcroft , Director of Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, Explains points to Mr.J.E.C. Bailey, President of the Scientific Instrument Manufacturers Association, at the Ministry of Supply's Atomic Pile exhibit, at the British Industries Fair (Olympia Section) This Model Atomic Pile is a One-Sixth Scale model of the "Bepo" Pile at Harwell, which is used for the Production of Radio-Iso types, Studies of the Effects of Neutrons and Gamma rays on materials. May 09, 1950.

S70-35369 (16 April 1970) --- Discussion in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) dealing with the Apollo 13 crewmen during their final day in space. From left to right are Glynn S. Lunney, Shift 4 flight director; Gerald D. Griffin, Shift 2 flight director; astronaut James A. McDivitt, manager, Apollo Spacecraft Program, MSC; Dr. Donald K. Slayton, director of Flight Crew Operations, MSC; and Dr. Willard R. Hawkins, M.D., Shift 1 flight surgeon.

Anefo photo collection. Tomorrow starry-day day in congress center in The Hague organized by Telelac, 2 employees of ESA places model of American Space shuttle. March 12, 1981. The Hague, South Holland

Dr. von Braun (right) and Astronaut John Glenn examine a model of a lunar landing stage during a talk on the manned lunar exploration program by about sixty key officials of the nation's space program at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).

Inspection tour of NASA installations: Houston, Texas, NASA Rich Building, departure, 11:10AM. President John F. Kennedy (right, back to camera) views a mock-up of the interior of a Gemini capsule during a tour of spacecraft displays inside a hangar at the Rich Building of the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas; astronaut Major Virgil I. Gus Grissom (right, holding microphone) briefs President Kennedy. Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center, Dr. Robert Gilruth, stands at far right; Chief of Life Systems Division at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Dr. Stanley C. White, stands at far left. The President visited the Center as part of a two-day inspection tour of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) field installations.

Anefo photo collection. Demonstration invalid tool, inventor Mr. David R. James demonstrates device. February 29, 1972

Dr. von Braun and party look at a laser beam component during a visit at the Marshall Space Flight Center Space Science Laboratory on August 28, 1967.

Berkeley, California, August 10, 1945University of California's Dr. Ernest Lawrence, inventor of the cyclotron, and UC engineer WB Reynolds, examine the control panel of the 60 inch atom gun which is being used in the making of the first atomic bomb.

Baton Rouge, Louisiana high school student, Joe W. Reihs, is greeted by (left to right) Astronauts Russell L. Schweickart, and Owen K. Garriott; Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Skylab Program Manager, Leland Belew; and MSFC Director of Administration and Technical Services, David Newby, during a tour of MSFC. Reihs was among 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following years Skylab mission. The nationwide scientific competition was sponsored by the National Science Teachers Association and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Day-5 Mission Control Room activities, STS-3 Mission of Alan Briscoe, at the Instrumentation and Communications Officer (INCO) Console; Astronaut Richard Truly and Briscoe; Astronaut Judy Resnik, Flight Director (FD) Jay Greene, and On-Duty FD Harold Draughon. 1. Flight Directors - STS 3 2. Astronaut Judy Resnik 3. Alan Briscoe 4. Jay Greene 5. Harold Draughon

Inspection tour of NASA installations: Houston, Texas, NASA Rich Building, departure, 11:10AM. President John F. Kennedy (right, back to camera) views a mock-up of the interior of a Gemini capsule, during a tour of spacecraft displays inside a hangar at the Rich Building of the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas; astronaut Major Virgil I. Gus Grissom (right) laughs with President Kennedy and others. Left to right: Chief of Life Systems Division at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Dr. Stanley C. White (partially out of frame); Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson (back to camera); Major Grissom; President Kennedy; unidentified (in back); Director of the Manned Spacecraft Center, Dr. Robert Gilruth; Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Dr. Robert C. Seamans, Jr. (partially hidden); White House Secret Service agent, Gerald A. Jerry Behn. The President visited the Center as part of a two-day inspection tour of NASA field installations.

Volcanoes - After Mount St. Helens Eruption - Washington. Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History

Audio Visual Aids for French Agriculture. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

Anefo photo collection. Queen when working with atoms. March 17, 1966

Anefo photo collection. Fraction meeting of the CDA; Van Agt with (17) Leijenhorst (left) et al. For the meeting. July 22, 1981

S66-45579 (6 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. (right), prime crew command pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, talks with Burton M. Gifford (left) and Duane K. Mosel (center), both with the Simulation Branch, Flight Crew Support Division. Lovell was preparing to undergo flight training in the Gemini Mission Simulator in Building 5, Mission Simulation and Training Facility.

Vintage photograph. Three high school students studying in a physics laboratory

S70-35014 (15 April 1970) --- A group of flight controllers gathers around the console of Glenn S. Lunney (seated, nearest camera), Shift 4 flight director, in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) of Mission Control Center (MCC), located in Building 30 at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). Their attention is drawn to a weather map of the proposed landing site in the South Pacific Ocean. Among those looking on is Dr. Christopher C. Kraft, deputy director, MSC, standing in black suit, on right. When this photograph was taken, the Apollo 13 lunar landing mission had been canceled, and the problem-plagued Apollo 13 crew members were in trans-Earth trajectory attempting to bring their crippled spacecraft back home.

Young researchers 1963.anders Brahme

Institut Pasteur, US Researchers. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

S69-40307 (30 July 1969) --- The crewmen of the historic Apollo 11 lunar landing mission stand in the serving line as they prepare to dine in the Crew Reception Area of the Lunar Receiving Laboratory, Building 37, Manned Spacecraft Center. Left to right, are astronauts Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Michael Collins, and Neil A. Armstrong. They are continuing their postflight debriefings. The three astronauts will be released from quarantine on Aug. 11, 1969.

Rockford, Illinois high school student, Vincent Converse (left), and Robert Head of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), check out the equipment to be used in conducting the students experiment aboard the Skylab the following year. His experiment, “Zero Gravity Mass Measurement” used a simple leaf spring with the mass to be weighed attached to the end. An electronic package oscillated the spring at a specific rate and the results were recorded electronically. Converse was among 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following years Skylab mission. The nationwide scientific competition was sponsored by the National Science Teachers Association and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA ENGINEERS DISCUSSING APOLLO PROJECT

Dr. von Braun briefs Astronaut John Glenn in the control room of the Vehicle Test Section, Quality Assurance Division, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), November 28, 1962.

Anefo photo collection. Prince Bernhard opens Youth Laboratory Evoluon from Philips in Eindhoven. Left ir. F. J. Philips. November 27, 1969. Eindhoven

S77-22482 (14 March 1977) --- Johnson Space Center Director Christopher C. Kraft Jr. addresses a crowd of scientists and news media representatives at the opening of the Eighth Annual Lunar Science Conference in the Teague Auditorium.

S69-16682 (10 Jan. 1969) --- These three astronauts have been selected by NASA as the prime crew of the Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. Left to right, are Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot; Neil A. Armstrong, commander; and Michael Collins, command module pilot. They are photographed in front of a lunar module mock-up beside Building 1 following a press conference in the MSC Auditorium.

Anefo photo collection. Press conference in a "Apollo-Studio" specially furnished by the NOS in Hilversum in connection with the coming moon landing. Director Rudolf Track (left) and presenter Henk Terlingen with a model of the Moonraket Apollo-11. July 14, 1969. Hilversum, Noord-Holland

S73-38346 (11 Dec. 1973) --- Two of the three Apollo 17 crewmen join in commemoration of their historical lunar landing mission of one year ago by presenting to flight controllers in Mission Control Center (MCC) the U.S. flag which flew with them to the moon. Astronauts Eugene A. Cernan, center, Apollo 17 commander, and Harrison H. Schmitt, right, lunar module pilot, are shown with Eugene F. Kranz, who accepted the flag on behalf of all the flight controllers during special ceremonies in the Mission Operations Control Room (MOCR) of MCC during the third manned Skylab mission. Kranz is chief of the Flight Control Division of the Flight Operations Directorate at JSC.

Apollo 8 crew members paused before the mission simulator during training for the first manned lunar orbital mission. Frank Borman, commander; James Lovell, Command Module (CM) pilot; and William Anders, Lunar Module (LM) pilot , were also the first humans to launch aboard the massive Saturn V space vehicle. Lift off occurred on December 21, 1968 and returned safely to Earth on December 27, 1968. The mission achieved operational experience and tested the Apollo command module systems, including communications, tracking, and life-support, in cis-lunar space and lunar orbit, and allowed evaluation of crew performance on a lunar orbiting mission. The crew photographed the lunar surface, both far side and near side, obtaining information on topography and landmarks as well as other scientific information necessary for future Apollo landings. All systems operated within allowable parameters and all objectives of the mission were achieved.

Anefo photo collection. Research changed radioactivity RIVM nuclear disaster Soviet Union; Printed coordination center. 1, 1986

Marshall Space Flight Centers (MSFC) director, Dr. Wernher von Braun (far left), gets a briefing on an experiment being conducted in MSFCs Space Sciences Laboratory during a tour on August 28, 1967.

In the launch control center at Kennedy Space Flight Center (KSC), Walter J. Kapryan, Director of Launch Operations (center), discusses an aspect of the Apollo 14 flight with Marshall Space Flight Centers (MSFC) Dr. Rocco A. Petrone, Apollo Program Director (right). The Apollo 14, carrying a crew of three astronauts Mission commander Alan B. Shepard Jr., Command Module pilot Stuart A. Roosa, and Lunar Module pilot Edgar D. Mitchell, lifted off from launch complex 39A at KSC on January 31, 1971. It was the third manned lunar landing, the first manned landing in exploration of the lunar highlands, and it demonstrated pinpoint landing capability. The major goal of Apollo 14 was the scientific exploration of the Moon in the foothills of the rugged Fra Mauro region. The extravehicular activity (EVA) of astronauts Shepard and Mitchell included setting up an automated scientific laboratory called Apollo Lunar Scientific Experiments Package (ALSEP), and collecting a total of about 95 pounds (

S71-23601 (17 March 1971) --- Left to right: Dan Anderson, Robert Sutton (USGS), Everett Gibson discuss Apollo 14 lunar samples during a meeting in the Lunar Receiving Lab (LRL).

Apollo 11 crew members (L-R) Edwin Aldrin, Neil Armstrong, and Michael Collins were amused by a question posed during a closed circuit press conference the night before they began their historic first lunar landing mission. The press conference with questions via intercom, was held under semi-isolation conditions to avoid exposing the astronauts to possible illness at the last minute. The Apollo 11 mission launched from the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida via the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) developed Saturn V launch vehicle on July 16, 1969 and safely returned to Earth on July 24, 1969. Aboard the space craft were astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, Command Module (CM) pilot; and Edwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin Jr., Lunar Module (LM) pilot. The CM, Columbia”, piloted by Collins, remained in a parking orbit around the Moon while the LM, Eagle’’, carrying astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin, landed on the Moon. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong was the first human to e

S70-36782 (10 April 1970) --- Several NASA and military officials (background at dais) meet the press on April 10, 1970, during a scheduled a T-1 prelaunch briefing for the Apollo 13 mission in the Apollo News Center at the Kennedy Space Center. The briefing participants, from the left, are Dr. Charles A. Berry, Director, Medical Research and Operations Directorate, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC); Dr. Donald K. (Deke) Slayton, director of flight crew operations, MSC; Chester M. Lee of the Apollo Program Directorate, Office Manned Space Flight (OMSF),NASA Hq. and Apollo 13 Mission Director; Dale Myers, Associate Administrator, OMSF,NASA Hq.; Dr. Thomas O. Paine, NASA Administrator; Dr. Rocco A. Petrone, Apollo Program Director, OMSF,NASA Hq.; Walter J. Kapryan, NASA's Director of Launch Operations; James A. McDivitt, Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office;Roy E. Godfrey, Manager, Saturn Program Office; and Col. Kenneth J. Mask, USAF, DOD Manned Space Flight Support Office

Atom Men At Oxford Conference.Professor Sir John Cockcroft, (right) Director of British Atom Station at Harwell chatting to one of the scientists before the conference. September 7, 1950. (Photo by Daily Mail Contract Picture).

Ernest Lawrence, Glenn Seaborg, and Robert Oppenheimer at the Radiation Laboratory. All three scientists were working at the University of California, Berkeley. Early 1946. - (BSLOC_2015_1_84)

In this photo, Director of the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency's (ABMA) Development Operations Division, Dr. Wernher von Braun, and Director of Missile Firing Division, Dr. Kurt Debus, are shown with unidentified individuals, discussing two components that would make up the Pioneer IV Lunar Probe. The mercury batteries (left) were used to power the radio transmitter, cosmic radiation counter and other instruments in Pioneer IV. The conical shroud placed over the instruments of Pioneer IV was plated with gold to improve conductivity. The metal surface also served as the anterna for the probe's instruments signaling back to the Earth receiving stations.

Concept of Europe (Hans Schriber). Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

"Sheer Lunar Sea"He may not be the greatest writer on Earth -- But Robert R. Coles, of Glen Cove, certainly has plots that are really out of this world. They're on the Moon. That's right--Coles is selling real estate on the moon for a dollar an acre. Coles, formerly chairman of the Hayden Planetarium and now a free-lance writer-lecturer, has formally incorporated "The Interplanetary Development Corporation" in the State of New York with three friends as fellow officers. How would you like a cabin in the Lunar Alps. November 17, 1955. (Photo by Untied Press Photo).

Vice President Lyndon Johnson (L) discusses tektites with Dr. Dean Chapman, Ames (R) during a tour of NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.

Charles Cochran charts the progress of a test being conducted in Marshall Space Flight Centers (MSFC) Space Sciences Laboratory for center director, Dr. Wernher von Braun.

Model construction of Svenska Cellulosa AB, Munksund

$Anefo photo collection. CDA fraction meeting in connection with cabinet formation; v.l.n.r. Aantjes, Van Agt, Andriessen and Kruisinga (overview). July 12, 1977$

Anefo photo collection. Princess Margriet Mr. Pieter van Vollenhoven visit Laboratory PTT; Videel Phone. December 10, 1987

Astrophysics Institute, Bill Curtis, Fulbright Student. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

A delegation of scientists from the USSR visited Germany to exhibit space technology and moon dust in the Westfalenhalle in Dortmund on 03. 06. 1973. Police took care of the guests and the moon dust, as it was not yet known at the time whether security was in danger, Germany, Europe

Apollo 17 Astronaut-Scientist Harrison H. Schmitt, right, reviews lunar flight plan with Mission Commander Eugene A. Cernan, left and Command Module Pilot Ronald H. Evans.

Anefo photo collection. Participation GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment, Cooperation KNMI and Marine, overview meeting. May 8, 1974

This is a photograph of a group of government officials touring the Marshall Space Flight Center in July 1961 with Dr. von Braun. Second from left is Alabama Congressman Robert Jones.

NASA PLUM BROOK STATION REACTOR FACILITY FINAL SHUTDOWN - c1973

Anefo photo collection. Princess Margriet Mr. Pieter van Vollenhoven demonstrating sleeping bag European Estec Research Center Noordwijk Wubbo Ockels. 28 February 1986. Noordwijk, South Holland

S64-31226 (1964) --- Maxime A. Faget, Assistant Director for Engineering and Development, at Manned Spacecraft Center, explains the function of the Lunar Module to Father Patrick J. OBrien, sister-in-law to Father O

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Inside Mercury Mission Control, Christopher Kraft, Mercury's flight director, sits at his console during preparations for astronaut Gordon Cooper's Faith 7 launch, which took place on May 15, 1963. The Mercury Mission Control Center in Florida played a key role in the United States' early spaceflight program. Located at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, the original part of the building was constructed between 1956 and 1958, with additions in 1959 and 1963. The facility officially was transferred to NASA on Dec. 26, 1963, and served as mission control during all the Project Mercury missions, as well as the first three flights of the Gemini Program, when it was renamed Mission Control Center. With its operational days behind, on June 1, 1967, the Mission Control Center became a stop on the public tour of NASA facilities until the mid-90s. In 1999, much of the equipment and furnishings from the Flight Control Area were moved to the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Comp

Lunar Orbiter was essentially a flying camera. The payload structure was built around a pressurized shell holding Eastman Kodak s dual-imaging photographic system, which used a camera with wide-angle and telephoto lenses that could simultaneously take two kinds of pictures on the same film. Men in in the picture are: Right to left Cliff Nelson, Calvin Broome, Israel Taback and Joe Mooreman. -- Published in James R. Hansen, Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo, NASA SP-4308, p. 329.

Langley Center Director Floyd Thompson shows Ann Kilgore the "picture of the century." This was the first picture of the earth taken from space. From Spaceflight Revolution: "On 23 August 1966 just as Lunar Orbiter I was about to pass behind the moon, mission controllers executed the necessary maneuvers to point the camera away from the lunar surface and toward the earth. The result was the world's first view of the earth from space. It was called "the picture of the century' and "the greatest shot taken since the invention of photography." Not even the color photos of the earth taken during the Apollo missions superseded the impact of this first image of our planet as a little island of life floating in the black and infinite sea of space." -- Published in James R. Hansen, Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo, (Washington: NASA, 1995), pp. 345-346. Mayor Ann Kilgore was married to NASA researcher Edwin Carroll Kilgore. Mrs, Kilgore was Mayor from

Marshall Space Flight Centers (MSFC) director, Dr. Wernher von Braun (left), and Deputy Director, Dr. Eberhard Rees (right), get a briefing on an experiment being conducted in the MSFC Space Sciences Laboratory on August 28, 1967.

Anefo photo collection. "Busettes" of the reactor center to grant Petten. Many use was made of the microphone in the room. October 28, 1969. Petten

Anefo photo collection. The ESA (European Space Agency) starts recruiting Dutch spaceman for space lab room laboratory. Professor of Astronomy H.C. Van De Hulst, Mr. J.L. Flantererman and P.M. Lansberg (Director of National Aviation Medical Center) explains the selection. 25 April 1977

S70-34627 (11 April 1970) --- Sigurd A. Sjoberg, director of flight operations, at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), views the Apollo 13 liftoff from a console in the MSC Mission Control Center (MCC), Building 30. Apollo 13 lifted off at 1:13 p.m. (CST) April 11, 1970.

Anefo photo collection. Starage cereal in Bunker in Muiderberg. Professor Dr. J. Kistemaker at Newton Telescope. April 26, 1968. Muiderberg

Anefo photo collection. Astronauts SpaceLab 1 Introduction visit Breeder; Department Test & Integration Fokker Aerospace For Communication Satellite Olympus Brewster. February 2, 1984

Berkley, California high school student, Jeanne L. Leventhal, is greeted by (left to right) Astronauts Russell L. Schweickart, and Owen K. Garriott; and Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Skylab Program Manager, Leland Belew during a tour of MSFC. Leventhal was among 25 winners of a contest in which some 3,500 high school students proposed experiments for the following years Skylab mission. The nationwide scientific competition was sponsored by the National Science Teachers Association and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Model of spaceship. 1960

Edwin Powell Hubble and Henry Stimson at wind tunnel in Ballistics Research Laboratory

The members of the House Committee on Science and Astronautics visited the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) on March 9, 1962 to gather firsthand information of the nations space exploration program. The congressional group was composed of members of the Subcommittee on Manned Space Flight. The subcommittee was briefed on MSFCs manned space efforts earlier in the day and then inspected mockups of the Saturn I Workshop and the Apollo Telescope Mount, two projects developed by MSFC for the post-Apollo program. In this photograph, MSFC Director, Dr. Wernher von Braun and R. Walter Riehlman, Republican representative of New York, discuss Apollo models.

View of STS 41-D mission crew training in Shuttle Mission simulator. From left to right are Henry Hartsfield, Jr., commander; mission specialists Judith Resnik, Richard Mullane, and Steven Hawley; and Michael Coats, pilot. They appear to be standing in the middeck mockup, preparing for training.

Atomic physicists Ernest O. Lawrence, Enrico Fermi, and Isidor Rabi

Charles 'Charlile' Hall, Hans Mark and Clarence 'Sy' Syvertson holding Pioneer 10 Plaque

S63-01419 (1963) --- The first two groups of astronauts selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

S66-32144 (2 June 1966) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford (right) and Eugene A. Cernan look over pictures of the lunar surface taken by Surveyor I.

Anefo photo collection. Archinorm. 13, 1986

Prof. Piccard Presents Stratosphere Gondola To South Kensington Museum -- The scene during the presentation, showing Professor Piccard seated second from left.M. Jean Williams (Director of Fonds National de la Resherche scientifique) this afternoon presented the Gondola of the balloon in which Prof. Piccard and M. Cosyns made their 1932 ascent into the Stratosphere, to the South Kensington Museum. The two balloonists were present at the ceremony. June 12, 1935. (Photo by Keystone).

Every console was manned in firing room 1 of the Kennedy Space Flight Center (KSC) control center during the launch countdown for Apollo 11. Apollo 11, the first lunar landing mission, launched from KSC in Florida via the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) developed Saturn V launch vehicle on July 16, 1969 and safely returned to Earth on July 24, 1969. Aboard the space craft were astronauts Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, Command Module (CM) pilot; and Edwin E. (Buzz) Aldrin Jr., Lunar Module (LM) pilot. The CM, Columbia”, piloted by Collins, remained in a parking orbit around the Moon while the LM, Eagle’’, carrying astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin, landed on the Moon. On July 20, 1969, Armstrong was the first human to ever stand on the lunar surface, followed by Aldrin. During 2½ hours of surface exploration, the crew collected 47 pounds of lunar surface material for analysis back on Earth. With the success of Apollo 11, the national objective to land men on the Moon

(L TO R): WALTHER MAYER, ALBERT EINSTEIN, & CHARLES ST. JOHN AT THE COELOSTAT AT THE TOP OF THE 150-FOOT TOWER TELESCOPE.

Alan Shepard and engineer looking at equipment, alone in Visual Docking Simulator, with engineers in Visual Docking Simulator.

Russian Scientists from the Commission of Interplanetary Travel of the Soviet Academy of Science November 21,1959 Left to right: Front row: Yury S. Galkin, Anatoly A. Blagonravov, and Prof. Leonid I. Sedov (Chair of the Commission for Interplanetary Travel)-Soviet Academy of Science, Leninski Gory, Moscow, Russia Dr. H.J. E. Reid and Floyd L. Thompson Langley Research Center. Second row: Boris Kit Translator, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Eugene C. Draley and Laurence K. Loftin, Jr. -Langley Research Center Arnold W. Frutkin and Harold R. Lawrence NASA Headquarters. Back row: T.Melvin Butler-Langley Research Center John W. Townsend Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Washington D.C., and George M. Low NASA Headquarters.

Anefo photo collection. American astronauts on the moon; Images from TV. Minister Marga Klompé. July 21, 1969

Three scientists at the Washington Congress of Tropical Medicine. Photograph, 1948.

Anefo photo collection. American astronauts on the moon; Images from TV. Spacor, moon landings, television, television. July 21, 1969

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