Astronauts in Space Missions

Images of astronauts in various space settings, wearing space suits, preparing for missions, and capturing views of Earth from orbit.

JSC2002-00803 (12 April 2002) --- Astronaut Sandra H. Magnus, STS-112 mission specialist, attired in a training version of the shuttle launch and entry suit, rehearses emergency egress procedures in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). STS-112 will be the 15th shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS).

STS-94 Mission Specialist Donald A. Thomas prepares to enter the Space Shuttle Columbia at Launch Pad 39A in preparation for launch. He has flown on STS-83, STS-70 and STS-65. He holds a doctorate in materials science and has been the Principal Investigator for a Space Shuttle crystal growth experiment. Because of his background in materials science, Thomas will be concentrating his efforts during the Red shift on the five experiments in this discipline in the Large Isothermal Furnace. He also will work on the ten materials science investigations in the Electromagnetic Containerless Processing Facility and four that will be measuring the effects of microgravity and motion in the orbiter on the experiments. Thomas and six fellow crew members will lift off during a launch window that opens at 1 50 p.m. EDT, July 1. The launch window will open 47 minutes early to improve the opportunity to lift off before Florida summer rain showers reach the space center

JSC2002-00803 (12 April 2002) --- Astronaut Sandra H. Magnus, STS-112 mission specialist, attired in a training version of the shuttle launch and entry suit, rehearses emergency egress procedures in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). STS-112 will be the 15th shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS).

S133-E-007866 (1 March 2011) --- NASA astronauts Scott Kelly (left), Expedition 26 commander; and Steve Lindsey, STS-133 commander, are pictured in the hatch that leads to the newly-installed Permanent Multipurpose Module (PMM) of the International Space Station while space shuttle Discovery remains docked with the station.

Expedition 65 backup crew member, Anne McClain of NASA is seen during Soyuz qualification exams Monday, March 22, 2021, at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia, in advance of the Expedition 65 launch April 9 from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan to the International Space Station.

S132-E-012188 (23 May 2010) --- NASA astronaut Tony Antonelli, STS-132 pilot, uses a video camera at an overhead window on the aft flight deck of space shuttle Atlantis to photograph the International Space Station after the station and shuttle began their post-undocking relative separation.

ISS033-E-012340 (16 Oct. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, Expedition 33 commander, uses a still camera to photograph the Canadarm2 robotic arms Latching End Effector (LEE) from a window in the Cupola of the International Space Station.

A close-up view of Moonikin Campos” secured in a seat inside the Artemis I Orion crew module atop the Space Launch System rocket in High Bay 3 of the Vehicle Assembly Building at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Aug. 3, 2022. Artemis I will provide a foundation for human deep space exploration and demonstrate NASA’s capability to extend human present to the Moon and beyond. The primary goal of Artemis I is to thoroughly test the Space Launch System rocket and Orion spacecraft’s integrated systems before crewed missions. Under Artemis, NASA aims to land the first woman and first person of color on the Moon and establish sustainable lunar exploration.

Expedition 50 ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet is seen inside the Soyuz simulator during final qualification exams, Tuesday, Oct. 25, 2016, at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia. Pesquet, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Novitskiy of Roscosmos, and NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson are scheduled to launch in November 2016.

S81-34448 (July 1981) --- Astronaut C. Gordon Fullerton, STS-3 pilot, fully suited, gets a preview of what it might be like in space during a flight aboard NASA's KC-135 zero-gravity aircraft. A special parabolic pattern flown the aircraft provides short periods of weightlessness. Fullerton's suit is an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), used by astronauts when leaving the shirt-sleeve environment of their shuttle orbiter to go outside perform tasks in space. There are no such EVA plans on STS-3, but crew members are trained in this area in the event of the necessity to perform chores in space that for some reason or other can't be done remotely. The astronaut has just donned his suit during a parabola and now takes the opportunity to float around in the absence of gravity.

STS-135 Orbiter & Payload CEIT

Expedition 65 prime crew member NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei, is seen inside the Soyuz MS-18 spacecraft during a fit check to prepare for launch with fellow Russian cosmonauts Oleg Novitskiy of Roscosmos and Pyotr Dubrov of Roscosmos, Saturday, March 27, 2021 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. They are scheduled to launch on a Soyuz rocket April 9.

JSC2002-E-36202 (27 August 2002) --- Astronaut Donald R. Pettit, Expedition Six flight engineer, participates in an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit fit check in a Space Station Airlock Test Article (SSATA) in the Crew Systems Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Zebulon L. Scoville assisted Pettit.

JSC2002-00686 (21 March 2002) --- An unidentified member of the STS-113 crew simulates a bailout from a shuttle-in-trouble during an emergency egress exercise in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - -- In the White Room at Launch Pad 39B, STS-112 Commander Jeffrey Ashby receives assistance with his spacesuit before boarding Space Shuttle Atlantis. Liftoff is schedued for 3:46 p.m. EDT. Along with a crew of six, Atlantis will carry the S1 Integrated Truss Structure and the Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA) Cart A to the International Space Station (ISS). The CETA is the first of two human-powered carts that will ride along the ISS railway, providing mobile work platforms for future spacewalking astronauts. On the 11-day mission, three spacewalks are planned to attach the S1 truss.

NASA astronaut Nicole Mann gives a thumbs up from inside the Orion mockup, Wednesday, July 10, 2019 at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas.

STS-41 crewmembers conduct Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO) 0472 Intraocular Pressure on the middeck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Mission Specialist (MS) William M. Shepherd rests his head on the stowed treadmill while Pilot Robert D. Cabana, holding Shepherd's eye open, prepares to measure Shepherd's intraocular pressure using a tono pen (in his right hand). Objectives include establishing a database of changes in intraocular pressures that can be used to evaluate crew health; validating ten degree head down bedrest as a model for cephalad fluid shifts in microgravity; facilitating the interpretation of data by providing a quantative measure of microgravity induced cephalad fluid shifts; and validating the tono pen as an effective tool for diagnostic and scientific data collection.

ISS032-E-025666 (7 Sept. 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (center), Expedition 32 commander; along with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba (left) and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin, both flight engineers, attired in Russian Sokol launch and entry suits, conduct a standard suit leak check in the Soyuz 30 (TMA-04M) spacecraft in preparation for their return to Earth scheduled for Sept. 16, 2012.

jsc2019e016258 (Jan. 13, 2020) --- NASA astronaut Robert Behnken will launch to the International Space Station on the Demo-2 mission - the crew flight test of SpaceXs Crew Dragon.

STS-92 Commander Brian Duffy is helped with final suit check in the White Room before entering Discovery. The White Room is an environmentally controlled area at the end of the Orbiter Access Arm that provides entry to the orbiter as well as emergency egress if needed. The arm remains in the extended position until 7 minutes 24 seconds before launch. Duffy and the rest of the crew are undertaking the fifth flight to the International Space Station for construction. Discovery carries a payload that includes the Integrated Truss Structure Z-1, first of 10 trusses that will form the backbone of the Space Station, and the third Pressurized Mating Adapter that will provide a Shuttle docking port for solar array installation on the sixth Station flight and Lab installation on the seventh Station flight. The mission includes four spacewalks for the construction activities. Discoverys landing is expected Oct. 22 at 2:10 p.m. EDT

nhq201707070008 (July 7, 2017) --- Expedition 52 flight engineers Paolo Nespoli of ESA, left, Sergey Ryazanskiy of Roscosmos, and Randy Bresnik of NASA answer questions from the press outside the Soyuz simulator ahead of their final Soyuz qualification exam, Friday, July 7, 2017 at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia.

Vestibular Study testing in Zero-G flights on the KC-135. Seen in this view are Roberta Bonder and others experiencing weightlessness.

13-13-48-36-2: (13 Sept. 2014) --- At the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 41/42 Flight Engineer Barry Wilmore of NASA (background) participates in practice procedures in the Soyuz TMA-14M spacecraft Sept. 13 with his crewmates during the first of two fit check” dress rehearsal activities. Flight Engineer Elena Serova of the Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos) is seen in the foreground running through a test of Soyuz systems. Wilmore, Serova and Soyuz Commander Alexander Samokutyaev of Roscosmos (hidden from view) will launch on Sept. 26, Kazakh time, in the Soyuz to begin a 5 ½ month mission on the International Space Station. Serova will become the fourth Russian woman to fly in space.

S70-45580 (July 1970) --- The members of the prime crew of the Apollo 14 lunar landing mission participate in Command Module (CM) simulation training at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Left to right are astronauts Edgar D. Mitchell, lunar module pilot; Stuart A. Roosa, command module pilot; and Alan B. Shepard Jr., commander.

ISS015-E-34389 (12 Oct. 2007) --- Malaysian spaceflight participant Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor waves to an Expedition 15 crewmember (out of frame) as he ingresses the International Space Station after arriving onboard a Soyuz spacecraft with two Expedition 16 crewmembers.

51I-13-024 (2 Sept. 1985) --- Astronaut Joe H. Engle, STS51-I commander, is seen in a 35mm frame exposed with a fisheye lens as he works at controls between the commander and pilot stations on the forward flight deck of the space shuttle Discovery.

Preparing for Spacewalk Aboard International Space Station

ISS032-E-010605 (27 July 2012) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Aki Hoshide (left) and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, both Expedition 32 flight engineers, are pictured near the windows in the International Space Stations Cupola as the unpiloted Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV-3) approaches the station. Hoshide and Acaba used the station's Canadarm2 robotic arm to capture and berth the HTV-3 to the Earth-facing port of the station's Harmony node. The attachment was completed at 10:34 a.m. (EDT) on July 27, 2012.

Expedition 56 Flight Engineer Ricky Arnold of NASA is helped out of the Soyuz MS-08 spacecraft just minutes after he, Expedition 56 Commander Drew Feustel of NASA, and Flight Engineer and Soyuz Commander Oleg Artemyev of Roscosmos, landed in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan on Thursday, Oct. 4, 2018. Feustel, Arnold, and Artemyev are returning after 197 days in space where they served as members of the Expedition 55 and 56 crews onboard the International Space Station.

jsc2018e097287 - In the Integration Facility at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, Expedition 58 crewmember David Saint-Jacques of the Canadian Space Agency runs through procedures in the Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft during a vehicle fit check Nov. 20. Saint-Jacques, Anne McClain of NASA and Oleg Kononenko of Roscosmos will launch Dec. 3 on the Soyuz MS-11 spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome for a six-and-a-half month mission on the International Space Station...NASA/Victor Zelentsov.

ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Matthias Maurer gives a thumbs as he waits to be helped out of the SpaceX Crew Dragon Endurance spacecraft onboard the SpaceX Shannon recovery ship after he and NASA astronauts Raja Chari, Kayla Barron, Tom Marshburn, landed in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Tampa, Florida, Friday, May 6, 2022. Maurer, Marshburn, Chari, and Barron are returning after 177 days in space as part of Expeditions 66 and 67 onboard the International Space Station.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During crew equipment interface test activities at KSC, STS-118 Mission Specialists Dr. Dafydd Williams and Barbara Morgan check data inside the orbiter Endeavour, which is in Orbiter Processing Facility bay 3. The STS-118 mission will be delivering the third starboard truss segment, the ITS S5, to the International Space Station, as well as the SPACEHAB single cargo module filled with supplies and equipment. Launch aboard Space Shuttle Endeavour is targeted for Aug. 9.

PHOTO DATE: 24 June 2010, LOCATION: Bldg. 7 - SSATA Chamber, SUBJECT: STB-SS-1914 - SSATA Crew Training for STS-133 crew member Benjamin A. Drew. ,

S66-59907 (11 Nov. 1966) --- Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., Gemini-12 pilot, is seen in the Gemini-12 spacecraft in the white room atop Pad 19 awaiting the final minutes of the prelaunch countdown. Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. (out of frame) is the command pilot. The liftoff was at 3 46 p.m. (EST), Nov. 11, 1966.

STS099-312-033 (11-22 February 2000) ---Astronaut Kevin R. Kregel, mission commander, works with the Digital Data Routing Equipment (DDRE) on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavour.

S69-56059 (24 Oct. 1969) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, lunar module pilot of the Apollo 12 lunar landing mission, participates in lunar surface simulation training in Building 29 at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). Bean is strapped to a one-sixth gravity simulator.

STS007-31-1614 & S83-35775 (24 June 1983) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen is seen at the commanders station of the Space Shuttle Challenger as it passes through the Earths atmosphere on re-entry. The friction results in a pinkish glow visible through the forward windows on the flight deck. The scene was exposed with a 35mm camera.

ISS033-E-012341 (16 Oct. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Sunita Williams, Expedition 33 commander, uses a still camera to photograph the Canadarm2 robotic arms Latching End Effector (LEE) from a window in the Cupola of the International Space Station.

At the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia, Expedition 35-36 Soyuz Commander Pavel Vinogradov prepares to enter a Soyuz spacecraft mockup March 5 for the start of qualification simulation runs. Vinogradov, NASA Flight Engineer Chris Cassidy and Flight Engineer Alexander Misurkin are training for launch March 29, Kazakh time, to the International Space Station in their Soyuz TMA-08M spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.NASA / Stephanie Stoll

STS-119 crew training during NBL EVA3 training.

Expedition 66 Flight Engineers (from left) Thomas Marshburn and Mark Vande Hei, both from NASA, peer at the Earth below from inside the seven-windowed cupola, the International Space Station's window to the world. Just outside the cupola is the Soyuz MS-19 crew ship docked to the Rassvet module.

STS079-346-022 (16-26 Sept. 1996) --- Astronaut William F. Readdy, mission commander, looks at the night sky and Earth's horizon through a viewing port in the Spacehab Module in the space shuttle Atlantis' cargo bay. The double module version of Spacehab was flying for the first time.

S89-41597 (Nov 1989) --- Astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar, wearing an extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) spacesuit, prepares to don gloves and subsequently a helmet and to be lowered by a hoist device for a session of underwater training in the Johnson Space Center's weightless environment training facility (WET-F). Minutes later, Astronauts Dunbar and G. David Low, mission specialists, were neutrally buoyant in the nearby 25-ft. deep pool simulating a contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) for the scheduled December 1989 STS-32 mission. There are no scheduled EVAs for the crew, whose main missions are to retrieve the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) and to deploy a Syncom satellite.

AS17-162-24050 (7-19 Dec. 1972) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan appears to be relaxing in this candid photograph taken by a fellow crewman aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft during the final lunar landing mission in NASA's Apollo program. Also, aboard Apollo 17 were astronaut Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot, and scientist-astronaut Harrison H. Jack Schmitt, lunar module pilot. Cernan was the mission commander.

ISS037-E-016750 (21 Oct. 2013) --- European Space Agency astronaut Luca Parmitano, Expedition 37 flight engineer, closes the hatch between the International Space Stations Harmony node and the Orbital Sciences Cygnus commercial cargo spacecraft in preparation for its release after completing a successful demonstration mission to the space station. Cygnus delivered 1,300 pounds of gear on Sept. 29 when it arrived and was captured by Canadarm2 and berthed to the Harmony node.

STS033-05-014A (22-27 Nov 1989) --- A low-angle view of STS-33's two astronaut medical doctors doubling as photographers and Earth observers on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Discovery. Astronauts Story Musgrave, left, and Manley L. Carter and three other crewmembers shared five days aboard the Discovery for this DOD-devoted mission.

S132-E-012899 (26 May 2010) --- Attired in his shuttle launch and entry suit, NASA astronaut Ken Ham, STS-132 commander, occupies the commanders station on the flight deck of space shuttle Atlantis as the crew prepares for landing at NASAs Kennedy Space Center, Florida.

In the White Room, STS-100 Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby chats with closeout crew members before he enters Space Shuttle Endeavour. With his back to the camera is Rick Welty; second from left is Rene Arriens. The White Room is an environmental chamber at the end of the Orbiter Access Arm that provides entry into the orbiter on the launch pad. The mission will deliver and integrate the Spacelab Logistics Pallet/Launch Deployment Assembly, which includes the Canadian-built Space Station Remote Manipulator System and the UHF Antenna. Two spacewalks are planned for installation of the SSRMS, which will be performed by Mission Specialists Scott E. Parazynski and Chris A. Hadfield, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. The mission is also the inaugural flight of Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, carrying resupply stowage racks and resupply/return stowage platforms. Liftoff of Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-100 is scheduled at 2:41 p.m. EDT April 19

ISS033-E-017632 (31 Oct. 2012) --- Russian cosmonauts Yuri Malenchenko (foreground) and Oleg Novitskiy, both Expedition 33 flight engineers, monitor data at the manual TORU docking system controls in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station during approach and docking operations of the unpiloted ISS Progress 49 resupply vehicle. Progress 49 docked automatically to Zvezdas aft port at 9:33 a.m. (EDT) on Oct. 31, 2012.

S66-33407 (10 May 1966) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford (right foreground), command pilot; and Eugene A. Cernan, pilot, prepare to enter the Gemini-9 spacecraft in the white room atop Pad 19 during a Gemini-9/Agena simultaneous launch demonstration. This test is a coordinated countdown of the Atlas-Agena and the Gemini-Titan vehicles. NASA and McDonnell Aircraft Corporation personnel stand by to assist with the insertion of the astronauts into the spacecraft.

The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a cooperative program of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautical and Space Administration

Child in anti-gravity exercise machine at Space Camp, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL

Krechet-94 spacesuit - the Soviet semi-rigid spacesuit with integrated life-support system. Designed under the direction of Guy Severin (1926-2008).

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- STS-134 Pilot Greg H. Johnson prepares to perform touch-and-go landings aboard a Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA) on the Shuttle Landing Facility runway at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. An STA is a Gulfstream II jet that is modified to mimic the shuttle's handling during the final phase of landing. Kelly and Johnson will practice landings as part of standard training before space shuttle Endeavour's launch to the International Space Station. Endeavour and its crew will deliver the Express Logistics Carrier-3, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer-2 (AMS), a high-pressure gas tank and additional spare parts for the Dextre robotic helper to the station. This will be the final spaceflight for Endeavour.

Zero-gravity experiments in KC-135 conducted by John Young, Robert L. Crippen, Joseph Kerwin, and Margaret Seddon. 1. Kerwin, Joseph - Zero-G 2. Seddon, Margaret - Zero-G 3. Young, John - Zero-G 4. Aircraft - KC-135

S96-12829 (10 June 1996) --- Awaiting his helmet, astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-82 mission specialist assigned to extravehicular activity (EVA) involved with the servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), is about to be submerged in a 25-ft. deep pool at the Johnson Space Center's weightless environment training facility (WET-F). Obscured in this frame, astronaut Gregory J. Harbaugh was on the other side of the platform, waiting to join Tanner in the spacewalk rehearsal.

Members of the STS-100 crew check out Endeavour inside the Orbiter Processing Facility bay 2. In their blue uniforms, they are (front to back) Commander Kent V. Rominger, Pilot Jeff rey S. Ashby, and Mission Specialists Yuri Lonchakov, who is with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, and Chris Hadfield, who is with the Canadian Space Agency. Other crew members at KSC for the CEIT are Mission Specialists Scott Parazynski and Umberto Guidoni, who is with the European Space Agency. Endeavour is carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello and the Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, to the International Space Station. Raffaello carries six system racks and two storage racks for the U.S. Lab. Launch of mission STS-100 is scheduled for April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A

JSC2002-E-08241 (20 February 2002) --- Astronaut Philippe Perrin, STS-111 mission specialist representing CNES, the French Space Agency, is photographed during an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) fit check in a Space Station Airlock Test Article (SSATA) in the Crew Systems Laboratory at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).

S134-E-010933 (30 May 2011) --- NASA astronauts Greg H. Johnson (left), STS-134 pilot; Michael Fincke (center) and Greg Chamitoff, both mission specialists, are busy on the aft flight deck of space shuttle Endeavour during undocking and fly-around operations with the International Space Station on flight day 15. Chamitoff is using a handheld laser ranging device -- designed to measure the range between two spacecraft -- through one of the overhead windows.

24 GMT056 RMS Cupola_934

. iss068e022445 (Nov. 15, 2022) --- NASA astronaut and Expedition 68 Flight Engineer Frank Rubio points his camera toward himself and takes an out-of-this-world "space-selfie" with his helmet visor's reflective shield up during a spacewalk in his Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or spacesuit.

STS105-E-5092 (12 August 2001) --- Scott J. Horowitz (bottom), STS-105 commander, and Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., Expedition Three mission commander, prepare to open Space Shuttle Discovery's airlock hatch leading to the International Space Station (ISS). Culbertson and cosmonauts Mikhail Tyurin and Vladimir N. Dezhurov will be replacing the Expedition Two crew as residents aboard the ISS. This image was taken with a digital still camera.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Practicing emergency egress from Launch Pad 39A, STS-118 Commander Scott Kelly (left) reaches for the pull lever of the slidewire basket. Behind him is Pilot Charlie Hobaugh. At upper left in another basket is Mission Specialist Rick Mastracchio. Other crew members are Mission Specialists Dave Williams, Barbara R. Morgan, Tracy Caldwell and Alvin Drew. Morgan joined NASA's Teacher in Space program in 1985 and was selected as an astronaut in 1998. Williams represents the Canadian Space Agency. The STS-118 mission on Space Shuttle Endeavour is the 22nd flight to the International Space Station and will carry a payload including the S5 truss, a SPACEHAB module and external stowage platform 3. STS-118 is targeted for launch on Aug. 7. NASA/George Shelton

STS79-E-5090 (19 September 1996) --- Cosmonaut Valeri G. Korzun, Mir-22 commander, greets his American counterpart - astronaut William F. Readdy in the tunnel connecting the Space Shuttle Atlantis to Russia's Mir Space Station, during Flight Day 4. This mission marks the fourth such reunion involving astronauts and cosmonauts during the Shuttle era and the fifth overall, going back to the historic Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) in 1975.

AS17-163-24122 (7-19 Dec. 1972) --- This candid photograph of astronaut Eugene A. Cernan was taken by a fellow crewman aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft during the final lunar landing mission in NASA's Apollo program. Cernan was the mission commander. Also, aboard Apollo 17 were astronaut Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot, and scientist-astronaut Harrison H. Jack Schmitt, lunar module pilot.

MATTHEW MCCONAUGHEY, ANNE HATHAWAY and DAVID GYASI in INTERSTELLAR (2014), directed by CHRISTOPHER NOLAN.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - The Apollo 16 crew prepares to climb inside the Apollo capsule on launch day before lifting off on a mission to the moon.

Expedition 50 crew member NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is seen inside an International Space Station module mockup during her crew's Soyuz qualification exams, Monday, Oct. 24, 2016, at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC) in Star City, Russia.

NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei is helped out of the Soyuz MS-06 spacecraft just minutes after he, NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, and Russian cosmonaut Alexander Misurkin landed in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan on Wednesday, Feb. 28, 2018 (February 27 Eastern time.) Acaba, Vande Hei, and Misurkin are returning after 168 days in space where they served as members of the Expedition 53 and 54 crews onboard the International Space Station.

JSC2003-E-42601 (June 2003) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie, wearing a training version of an advanced concept space suit, shakes hands with a Robonaut prior to participating in a test at the Johnson Space Center to evaluate hand-in-hand work with robots. The second of the two Robonauts used in the demonstration's task -- the assembly of an aluminum truss structure--is out of frame.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a crew equipment interface test in the Orbiter Processing Facility bay 3 at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, STS-124 Pilot Kenneth Ham examines the area around his seat in the cockpit of space shuttle Discovery. The shuttle will transport the Kibo Japanese Experiment Module - Pressurized Module (JEM-PM) and the Japanese Remote Manipulator System (JEM-RMS) to the International Space Station to complete the Kibo laboratory. The launch of Discovery is targeted for April 24.

(2 April 1992) --- STS-45 Payload Specialist Byron Lichtenberg talks into a cassette tape recorder to note observations following a science run of the Atmospheric Emissions Photometric Imaging (AEPI) experiment. Lichtenberg is on the aft flight deck of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. At Lichtenberg's left is the mission station, the forward flight deck and window W6 appear behind him, and overhead control panels appear above his head..

ISS015-E-34392 (12 Oct. 2007) --- Malaysian spaceflight participant Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor shakes hands with an Expedition 15 crewmember (out of frame) as he ingresses the International Space Station after arriving onboard a Soyuz spacecraft with two Expedition 16 crewmembers.

. USCV-7 (Crew-7) preflight imagery supplied by SpaceX

PHOTO DATE(S): 08/27/09 (Satcher) @ 0900LOCATION: Bldg 7/SSATA ChamberSUBJECT: SSATA Crew Training and EMU Verification for STS-129 crew member Robert Satcher during suited dry run. Test Director: Cristina Anchondo.

New York, United States may 1975: Two astronauts in spacesuits examining the lunar module at a space center in new york

STS057-31-030 (25 June 1993) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Sherlock operates Endeavour's remote manipulator system (RMS) during the June 25 extravehicular activity of two crewmates. At one point, astronaut G. David Low, while his feet were anchored to a special restraint device on the end of the RMS arm, moved about, with Sherlock's aid, while holding astronaut Peter J. K. (Jeff) Wisoff. The activity represented an evaluation of techniques which might be used on planned future missions -- a 1993 servicing visit to the Hubble Space Telescope and later space station work -- which will require astronauts to frequently lift objects of similar sized bulk.

JSC2003-E-42622 (June 2003) --- Astronaut Nancy J. Currie (partially visible in foreground), wearing an advanced concept space suit, participates in a test at the Johnson Space Center to evaluate hand-in-hand work with robots. The Robonaut pictured is one of two that were used in the demonstration's task -- the assembly of an aluminum truss structure.

ISS01-E-5165 (December 2000) --- Inside the International Space Station's Zvezda Service Module, cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition One flight engineer, uses a flashlight to check connections on a memory device in the telemetry system for the station.

Astronauts L. Gordon Cooper Jr. (left) and Charles Conrad Jr. are seen in the Gemini-5 spacecraft in the white room at Pad 19 just after insertion.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the White Room on Launch Pad 39A, STS-118 Mission Specialist Barbara R. Morgan is helped by the closeout crew with final preparations of her launch and entry suit. Morgan is a teacher-turned-astronaut making her first space flight. Behind her is Mission Specialist Tracy Caldwell, also making her first flight. The outer end of the orbiter access arm ends in an environmental chamber (the White Room) that mates with the orbiter and allows personnel to enter the crew compartment. With assistance, each member of the flight crew dons a parachute pack before crawling through the open hatch into the shuttle. The closeout crew also straps the astronauts into the space shuttle's crew module and takes care of any other last-minute needs that arise. Space Shuttle Endeavour's STS-118 mission is the 22nd shuttle flight to the International Space Station. It will continue space station construction by delivering a third starboard truss segment, S5, and other

STS109-E-5389 (5 March 2002) --- Astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, returns to a stowage area in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Columbia during the STS-109 mission's second day of extravehicular activity (EVA). Astronauts Newman and Michael J. Massimino worked to replace the second set of solar arrays on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The image was recorded with a digital still camera.

NASA Astronauts Train.

This excellent shot of Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) Mark Whorton, testing experiment hardware in the Microgravity Science Glovebox Ground Unit delivered to MSFC on August 30, 2002, reveals a close look at the components inside of the Glovebox. The unit is being used at Marshall's Microgravity Development Laboratory to test experiment hardware before it is installed in the flight Glovebox aboard the International Space Station (ISS) U.S. Laboratory Module, Destiny. The glovebox is a sealed container with built in gloves on its sides and fronts that enables astronauts to work safely with experiments that involve fluids, flames, particles, and fumes that need to be safely contained.

STS102-320-035 (8-21 March 2001) --- Astronaut Andrew S. W. Thomas, mission specialist, is photographed in the U.S.-built Unity node of the International Space Station during the STS-102 mission.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-110 Pilot Stephen Frick jokes with the Closeout Crew in the White Room as he makes final preparations to enter Space Shuttle Atlantis for launch. The White Room provides entry into the cockpit area of the orbiter. This is Frick's first Shuttle flight. STS-110 is carrying the S0 Integrated Truss Structure and Mobile Transporter (MT) on this 13th assembly flight to the International Space Station. On the 11-day mission, astronauts will make four spacewalks to attach the S0 truss, which will become the backbone of the Space Station, to the U.S. Lab, "Destiny." The MT, a space "railcar," is attached to the truss segment and will make its debut run during the flight. Launch is scheduled for 4:40 p.m. EDT (20:40 GMT)

STS083-303-002 (4-8 April 1997) --- Astronaut Susan L. Still, pilot, floats into the Spacelab Module in the early phases of its activation. Still, a member of the 1995 astronaut class, joined four other NASA astronauts and two scientist payload specialists for the Microgravity Science Laboratory 1 (MSL-1) mission aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia.

ISS030-E-148256 (13 March 2012) --- Robonaut 2 humanoid robot is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 30 crew member during another system check out in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Dr. Sylvia Earle

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