Cellular Biology Illustrations

Detailed illustrations of biological processes and structures, such as blood cells and neurons, emphasizing the complexities of the human body's systems.

Illustration of Alzheimers disease. Illustration of a healthy neuron (left), showing a microtubule and tau proteins (green). Tau is part of the protein family linked to microtubules (MAP proteins). One of tau proteins main functions is to interact with tubulin in order to regulate the stability of axon microtubules. On the right, neuronal degeneration is linked to the build up of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (yellow) between cells, causing tau protein filaments.

This illustration of a composite photomicrograph reveals the ultrastructural details observed at two stages in the life cycle of the parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, stained with iodine is its cyst stage (lt), , and its Giemsa stain, trophozoite stage (cntr and rt). The cyst contained a chromatoid body and the four characteristic nuclei, each containing a single centrally located karyosome. Each E. histolytica trophozoite contained a single nucleus, within which was a single centrally located karyosome and peripherally located chromatin. Note the red blood cells ingested inside each of the trophozoites. CDC 1954

Illustration of hormone control over the menstrual cycle. The hypothalamic cycle : (1) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released in the hypothalamus causes the hypophyseal secretion of two gonadotropin hormones (LH and FSH). The hypophyseal cycle : (2) The FSH intervenes in the development and maturing of one follicle per cycle. The LH allows the formation of the corpus luteum (7). (6) LH and FSH trigger ovulation, 36 hours after the peak in ovulatory surge. The ovarian cycle : (3) production of estrogen and inhibin causes negative retrocontrol on the FSH. Estrogen causes positive retrocontrol on the secretion of LH that is responsible for ovulation. The corpus luteum (8) secretes progesterone which causes negative retrocontrol on the hypothalamo-hypothyseal complex during the luteal phase which follows ovulation and makes up the last 14 days of the cycle.

Bone Marrow blood cells as platelets and white blood cell concept inside a healthy anatomy with strong normal tissue as an icon for orthopedic and an orthopedist with 3D illustration elements.

Vaccination (stage 3) : the virus enters the body, the B and T lymphocytes remember it and rapidly set about eliminating it.

Illustration of Alzheimers disease. Illustration of a healthy neuron (left), showing a microtubule and tau proteins (green). Tau is part of the protein family linked to microtubules (MAP proteins). One of tau proteins main functions is to interact with tubulin in order to regulate the stability of axon microtubules. On the right, neuronal degeneration is linked to the build up of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins (yellow) between cells, causing tau protein filaments.

Medical imagery

Gene therapy: introduction of retroviruses to modify mutated spinal cord cells of a newborn.

Illustration of cystic fibrosis. In the nucleus of our cells, the CFTR gene is the cause. It carries mutations in ill patients, preventing the protein CFTR in the cell membrane from working properly, ie from transporting water and salt into and out of the epithelium cells which results in thick and viscous mucus.

Cell sectional view with all the main organelles: nucleus, reticulum.

Illustration of a genital wart. The human papillovirus (HPV) is visible near the wart and which is responsible for the wart. The blue cells represent the immune cells.

Penile (genital) warts and close-up view of human papilloma virus, computer illustration. Warts (condyloma acuminata) of the anogenital region are cau...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD and its treatments. At the top left the lungs with the bronchial tree in transparency, from where a sub-segmental bronchus in zoom. A transected left bronchiole is normal. The transected right bronchiole shows bronchoconstriction with hypersecretion of mucus, inflammatory cells producing cytokines in the mucosa. Below the pulmonary lobules. On the left, the alveolar sacs are normal, on the right, an emphysema seen in section shows the distended alveoli.

Representation of the metabolism allowing the production of melanin in the melanocytes and the transfer of the contents of the melanosomes (melanin) into the keratinocytes.

Syphilis ulcer on vulva and close-up view of syphilis bacteria (Treponema pallidum), computer illustration.

Gram negative bacterium in section, DNA, mRNA ribosomes, treatments. The bacterium is cut to show its structure: wall traversed by porins, periplasmic space with the peptidoglycan, and the cytoplasmic membrane. At the heart of the bacterium, the DNA in transcription with a long strand of mRNA, the ribosomes producing polypeptides. Transport RNA.

Neuron with neurofibrillary degeneration process, senile plaque, treatments. Central nervous system neuron affected by abnormal cleavage of APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) to form senile plaque (yellow). The tau protein normally stabilizing the microtubules of the neuron phosphorylises abnormally and forms tangles (green): neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD). Cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons. Butrycholinesterases (orange), acetylcholinesterase (yellow) and NMDA (yellow) are treatment targets.

Neuron with neurofibrillary degeneration process, senile plaque, treatments. Central nervous system neuron affected by abnormal cleavage of APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) to form senile plaque (yellow). The tau protein normally stabilizing the microtubules of the neuron phosphorylises abnormally and forms tangles (green): neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD). Cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons. Butrycholinesterases (orange), acetylcholinesterase (yellow) and NMDA (yellow) are treatment targets.

Alveoli In Set

Neuron with neurofibrillary degeneration process, senile plaque, treatments. Central nervous system neuron affected by abnormal cleavage of APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein) to form senile plaque (yellow). The tau protein normally stabilizing the microtubules of the neuron phosphorylises abnormally and forms tangles (green): neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD). Cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons. Butrycholinesterases (orange), acetylcholinesterase (yellow) and NMDA (yellow) are treatment targets.

All uses except for Canadian college and university publishing - Cancer, activation of T lymphocytes, immune response to cancer. An immune cell, T lymphocyte (in blue) activated against the tumor recognizes the cancer cell (in red). Then the T lymphocyte causes the destruction of the immune cell by producing toxic molecules. These molecules will destroy the cancer cell. - Restriction : Canada College and University Publishing Exclusion from 05/03/2021

Fertilization: penetration of spermatozoa into the oocyte.

Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. In the background, proliferation of leukemic cells in the bone marrow. Zoom on a leukemic stem cell (Ph1) with modified chromosome 9 and the Philadelphia chromosome with the BCR-ABL gene sequence proliferation of the granocyte line on the right. Zoom on leukocytosis in a blood vessel.

farbenfrohe 3d-Illustration eines Neurons und eines Zellaufbaus mit Beschreibungen colorful 3d illustration of a neuron and cell-building with descriptions Copyright: xZoonar.com/ChristophxBurgstedtx 22577844

Illustration of the transmission of a nervous impulse from neuron A to neuron B. These neurotransmitters (yellow) allow the ion channels (green) to be opened at the surface of neuron B, which in turn allow the entry of sodium ions (bleu) into neuron B.

Inflammatory bowel disease vector illustration isolated on white background

Cerebrovascular accident and antithrombotics. Top left, the brain in frontal section with its vascularization. A zoom of a cross-sectional vessel from the brain to detail the coagulation cascade in the formation of a clot or thrombus (lower right). In the liver (top right) Inactive vitamin K (yellow beads) become active (yellow stars) thanks to epoxide-reductase. Active vitamin K will activate coagulation factors which will, in turn, trigger the coagulation cascade in the blood vessel. In yellow on the left wall of the vessel, an atheroma plaque will release tissue factor (VII). Below, to the left of the clot, a platelet (white) in the aggregation phase.

B cell lymphocyte, illustration.

Illustration of the effect of adenosine on a synapse. The adenosine (yellow) fixed on its receptors allows nervous activity to be slowed down, by slowing the transmission of nervous impulses from one neuron to the other.

Illustration of hormone control over the menstrual cycle. The hypothalamic cycle : (1) gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released in the hypothalamus causes the hypophyseal secretion of two gonadotropin hormones (LH and FSH). The hypophyseal cycle : (2) The FSH intervenes in the development and maturing of one follicle per cycle. The LH allows the formation of the corpus luteum (7). (6) LH and FSH trigger ovulation, 36 hours after the peak in ovulatory surge. The ovarian cycle : (3) production of estrogen and inhibin causes negative retrocontrol on the FSH. Estrogen causes positive retrocontrol on the secretion of LH that is responsible for ovulation. The corpus luteum (8) secretes progesterone which causes negative retrocontrol on the hypothalamo-hypothyseal complex during the luteal phase which follows ovulation and makes up the last 14 days of the cycle.

Illustration of a chromosome and chromatin unwinding. The chromatin is unwound progressively, showing the nucleosomes (8 histones surrounded by DNA), followed by the double DNA helix), and the double DNA helix with its composition (phosphates, sugars and ATGC basis).

Hematopoiesis occurs in three successive cell compartments. Stem cells are pluripotent cells guaranteeing permanent production of blood cells. Precursor cells (or determined cells) are only capable of a limited number of divisions. Maturing cells constitute a transition between the preceding compartments and the bloodstream, cells in the bloodstream have identifiable morphologies.

Illustration of the system of interstitial fluid evacuation in tissue (located in the intercellular clefts). The fluid is mainly evacuated by the vein network, but also by the lymphatic system. A lymphatic system that is not working properly can lead to problems of water retention. These can be solved by lymphatic drainage.

CAR-T cell, cancer treatment, immunotherapy, gene encoding CAR. CAR-T cells (or CAR-T cells) constitute a new form of immunotherapy in full development. They allow T lymphocytes to recognize cancer cells and then destroy them. This illustration represents all the stages of this anti-cancer therapy. First, a nurse takes a blood sample. In the laboratory, the patient's T lymphocytes are isolated and activated from this sample. Lymphocytes are genetically modified. A coding gene is introduced into the T lymphocytes. These genes are represented in green on the surface of the lymphocytes. These modified lymphocytes develop and proliferate in the laboratory. They are then injected into the patient's arm two to three months after the sample is taken. These lymphocytes are called CAR-T cells or CART-T cells. Ultimately, they attack specific cancer cells and destroy them. (Photo by: JACOPIN/BSIP/UIG)

3D-Isometrische flache konzeptionelle Illustration der Funktionen des SASP, zelluläre SeneszenzbrIsometrische flache 3D-Konzeptdarstellung der Funktionen des SASP, zelluläre Seneszenz 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Functions Of The SASP, Cellular Senescence 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Functions Of The SASP, Cellular Senescence Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22973336

Microsporum audouinii fungus, illustration

Macrophage action.

Site of action of drugs in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Bronchial wall seen in section with the bronchial mucosa consisting of hair cells, with a goblet cell and a submucosa gland in hypersecretions of mucus. Presence of bacteria and polynuclear.

Fatigue factors accumulate . Flat illustration of muscle and vessel.

Wissenschaftliche Funktion einer Synapse oder neuronalen Verbindung mit einer Nervenzelle - 3d Illustration Scientific function of a synapse or neuronal connection with a nerve cell - 3d illustration Copyright: xZoonar.com/ChristophxBurgstedtx 22561229

Synapse, the nerve impulse releases neurotransmitters that stimulate the next nerve cell.

Mast cell releasing histamine due to allergic reaction.

The graphic shows the parts of the plant cell with their names on a gray background. Vector image

This illustration explains how a normal cell becomes a cancer cell. An oncogene in a normal cell appears to regulate and influence cell growth and division. When a cancer causing agent affects a cell's DNA and the oncogene is activated, a cancer cell develops. Illustration by Jane Hurd.

Cause of body odor vector flat illustration

hemoglobin for blood color icon vector. hemoglobin for blood sign. isolated symbol illustration. hemoglobin for blood color icon vector illustration

Life cycle of Chlamydia psittaci.

Ovarian follicles, micrograph and illustration

cloud of micro organizam made in 3d software

farbenfrohe 3D-Illustration eines Neurons und des Zellaufbaus mit deutschen Beschreibungen colorful 3d illustration of a neuron and cell-building with german descriptions Copyright: xZoonar.com/ChristophxBurgstedtx 22579507

The structure of the monocyte and macrophage. White blood cell immunity.

3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Human Gas Exchange, Inspiration and Expirationbr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Human Gas Exchange, Inspiration and Expiration 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Human Gas Exchange, Inspiration and Expiration 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Human Gas Exchange, Inspiration and Expiration Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22124002

Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example, AIDS) in a host cell.

Mitosis, illustration

Gram-negative bacterial cell wall, artwork. The horizontal layers include both an external and an internal membrane, both containing transmembrane pro...

Acne around the hair follicle with inflammation, sebaceous hypersecretion, hyperkeratinization. Skin section of the epidermis and dermis. Normal hair follicle and acne pimple in the center. The acne pimple is formed around the hair follicle with hyperkeratinization and inflammation of the epidermis caused by glycerides (in yellow) under the action of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes (in red). The sebaceous gland is in hypersecretion. Polynuclear cells from blood vessels flock

Inflammation of the nasal mucous memebrane. Excessive mucus and presence of macrophages (immune defense).

Columnar epithelium, illustration.

Penetration and replication of a retrovirus (example: AIDS) in a host cell.

3D Isometrische flache konzeptionelle Illustration der Immunantwort, Zellen des Immunsystemsbr3D-Isometrische flache konzeptionelle Illustration der Immunreaktion, Zellen des Immunsystems 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Immune Response, Cells of The Immune System 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Immune Response, Cells of The Immune System Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22973474

Dopamine neurons and synapse. Illustration of the connection between two dopamine neurons at the synapse to pass the message (nerve impulse from one neuron to another) and a close-up of the synapse. The dopamine neurons are shown (the brains reward system).

The cells of the protective layer of the skin. Protection against inflammation

3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Monozygotic And Dizygotic Twins, Educational Diagrambr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Monozygotic And Dizygotic Twins, Educational Diagram 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Monozygotic And Dizygotic Twins, Educational Diagram 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Monozygotic And Dizygotic Twins, Educational Diagram Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22123925

Conceptual image of a sensory neuron.

Infographic of the composition and reproduction process of the yeast and its use for making wine, bread or beer. QuarkXPress (.qxp); 6259x4015.

Reactions a chloroplast during photosynthesis.

Infographic of red and white blood cells and their function. QuarkXPress (.qxp); 6259x4015.

3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Erythropoietin, EPO Production From Kidneybr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Erythropoietin, EPO Production From Kidney 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Erythropoietin, EPO Production From Kidney 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Erythropoietin, EPO Production From Kidney Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22978770

Erythropoiesis. The development of red blood cell. Erythrocyte.

Schematic illustration of the menstrual cycle over 28 days and without fertilisation after ovulation. From top to bottom : -Hypophyseal hormone dose curve -Ovarian cycle -Ovarian hormone dose curve -Uterine cycle -Time line

Celiac disease inflammation, illustration

Reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Representation of different types of reproductive cloning: - By blastomeric separation (embryonic division) which gives two identical babies. - From an adult cell derived from the mother or father whose genetic code associated with the envelope of another woman's oocyte is re-implanted into the mother's uterus giving a child clone of the mother or from father. Representation of different types of therapeutic cloning: - Removal of cells from a blastocyst cultured in the laboratory giving differentiated cells grafted onto a patient. - Collection of the genetic code of a woman combined with the envelope of an oocyte from another woman cultured up to the blastocyst stage. The cells give rise to differentiated cells grafted onto the woman from whom the genetic code has been taken. - Same technique as above but with the envelope of a cow's oocyte.

TCAs bind to SERT and NET transport proteins for serotonin and norepinephrine, respectively.3D rendering. TCAs bind to SERT and NET transport proteins for serotonin and norepinephrine, respectively.

Duplication of a retrovirus type virus. Representation of the penetration and duplication of an AIDS-type retrovirus thanks to a host cell. The virus enters the cell, its genetic code attaches itself to the cell's DNA, which obliges the latter to manufacture all the elements constituting the virus. These elements gather on the surface of the host cell to form new viruses in large quantities which invade the host organism

Primary endosymbiosis, illustration

These hematopoietic stem cells give two lines: a myeloid line that differentiates into red blood cells, platelets, monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells and a lymphoid line which differentiates into T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes. In this drawing, it is indicated which immune cells are affected during chronic lymphoid leukemia: hematopoietic stem cells and the lymphoid line, including B lymphocytes

Intracellular transport, illustration

3D Isometrische flache konzeptionelle Illustration des Kernfusionsreaktors, Bildungs-Diagrammbr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Nuclear Fusion Reactor, Educational Diagram 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Nuclear Fusion Reactor, Educational Diagram 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Nuclear Fusion Reactor, Educational Diagram Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22973516

Representation of the replication (synthesis of a DNA strand) of DNA. Thanks to DNA polymerase, the DNA double helix is replicated and gives two new DNAs, each with a template strand from the original double helix and a replicated strand.

Omega-3 Phospholipid

3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Aplastic Anemia, Blood Disorder Causing Low Blood Cell Productionbr3D-Isometrische flache konzeptionelle Illustration der Aplastischen Anämie, einer Blutkrankheit, die eine niedrige Blutzellproduktion verursacht 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Aplastic Anemia, Blood Disorder Causing Low Blood Cell Production 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Aplastic Anemia, Blood Disorder Causing Low Blood Cell Production Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22973514

3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , PCOSbr3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , PCOS 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , PCOS 3D Isometric Flat Conceptual Illustration of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome , PCOS Copyright: xZoonar.com/AnastasiiaxTorianykx 22978820

Nasal epithelium, illustration

Metro escalator icon isometric vector. Metro machine. Card railway. Metro escalator icon isometric vector. Metro machine

Illustration of targeted therapy. A biopsy is carried out and the tumour analysed to determine the attributes of the cancer cells that it is made up of. Depending on the analysis of the cancerous cells, therapy can be adapted: -either by using monoclonal antibodies (top right) which target the cancer cells receptors and trigger an immune reaction destroying the detected cells. -or by using drugs (bottom right) which target chain reactions that are vital to survival and cell duplication, ending in the destruction of the cell.

Atherosclerotic plaque in blood vessel and good and bad lipids

Illustration of an ovary with the secretion of progesterone (green) by the corpus leteum, the secretion of oestrogen (red) by the follicles, and ovulation.

Safety of drinking water, conceptual illustration

Micturition neural control, illustration

Oncolytic viral therapy, illustration

Diagram of the different stages of in vitro fertilization.

Female reproductive system . A combined germ cell--gonadal stromal--epithelial tumor of the ovary. 3D illustration. A combined germ cell--gonadal stromal--epithelial tumor of the ovary.

Gene cloning, illustration

Secondary endosymbiosis, illustration

Role of good and bad lipids and levels of atherosclerotic plaque in blood vessel medical

Lactobacillus Bacteria Structure

Sweat Glands. Illustration showing human sweat gland structure under skin layers.

Blood cells Formation ( bone marrow produce blood cells series : erythrocytes , lymphocytes , neutrophils , monocytes , eosinophils , basophils , thrombocytes ) Haematology concept and infographics

XDR TB occurs when a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, two of the most powerful first-line drugs, as well as key drugs of the second line regimen any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the three injectable drugs shown above. XDR TB strains may also be resistant to additional drugs, greatly complicating therapy.

Epithelia continually renews itself due to differentiating stem cells. Here, culture of bronchial stem cells destined for transplant and multiplication in the pulmonary alveoli. For the following reasons, adult stem cells may eventually prove to be better for cell therapy than embryonic stem cells: their greater availability in adult tissue, the absence of immune-response rejection, their decreased disposition for tumors. Removed from the patient, stem cells can be cultured and multiplied to attain a quantity that is sufficient to treat sickness or injuries.

Mitochondrion scheme

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