Classic Philosophers Busts

Engravings of ancient philosophers, featuring detailed profiles in classical style, capturing their wisdom and historical significance.

Born Lucius Ceionius Commodus (130-169) in 130, his name was altered to Lucius Aelius Commodus when his father was adopted by Hadrian as his heir. When Lucius' father, who shared the same name, died in 138 CE, Lucius was adopted by Antoninus Pius alongside Marcus Aurelius. Now known as Lucius Aelius Aureius Commodus, Lucius would finally become Lucius Verus after his ascension to co-emperor in 161, sharing power with Marcus Aurelius as part of the latter's demands to the Roman Senate when he became emperor. During their reign, the Empire defeated a resurgent Parthian Empire, sacking the capital of Ctesiphon in 164. Lucius Verus died in 169 after 8 years of rule, struck down by either food poisoning or smallpox, dying during the widespread Antonine Plague. He was deified by the Roman Senate as the Divine Verus after his death. Despite ruling alongside Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus is not included in the 'Five Good Emperors'.

Plato, ancient Greek philosopher born in Athens during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, c.428-348 BC. Plato. Copperplate engraving by Bartholomaus Kilian after an illustration by Joachim von Sandrart from his LAcademia Todesca, della Architectura, Scultura & Pittura, oder Teutsche Academie, der Edlen Bau- Bild- und Mahlerey-Kunste, German Academy of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting, Jacob von Sandrart, Nuremberg, 1675.

DIDIUS JULIANUS SIG ER 370. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN.

Antique bust of Sophocles, Paulus Pontius, after Peter Paul Rubens, 1638 print Antwerp paper engraving piece of sculpture, reproduction of a piece of sculpture

Terence, William.

Darius II. King of Persia.

Born Lucius Ceionius Commodus (130-169) in 130, his name was altered to Lucius Aelius Commodus when his father was adopted by Hadrian as his heir. When Lucius' father, who shared the same name, died in 138 CE, Lucius was adopted by Antoninus Pius alongside Marcus Aurelius. Now known as Lucius Aelius Aureius Commodus, Lucius would finally become Lucius Verus after his ascension to co-emperor in 161, sharing power with Marcus Aurelius as part of the latter's demands to the Roman Senate when he became emperor. During their reign, the Empire defeated a resurgent Parthian Empire, sacking the capital of Ctesiphon in 164. Lucius Verus died in 169 after 8 years of rule, struck down by either food poisoning or smallpox, dying during the widespread Antonine Plague. He was deified by the Roman Senate as the Divine Verus after his death. Despite ruling alongside Marcus Aurelius, Lucius Verus is not included in the 'Five Good Emperors'.

Miltiades .

Zaleukos from Lokroi.

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus Publisher: Fellgibel, Esaias (Widow u. Heirs) Publisher: Wroclaw

Otto II (955-983), also known as Otto the Red, was the youngest and sole surviving son of Emperor Otto the Great. He was made co-ruler of Germany in 961, and later named co-emperor in 967. His father arranged for him to marry the Byzantine Princess Theophanu, to engender better relations with the Byzantine Empire. After his father died in 973, Otto became Holy Roman Emperor in a peaceful succession.

Severus II (-307), full name Flavius Valerius Severus, was of humble birth from Illyria, but he managed to rise and become a senior officer in the Roman army. He was an old friend of Emperor Galerius, and the emperor ordered Severus be appointed as Caesar of the Western Roman Empire in 305, serving as deputy-emperor to Emperor Constantius I. Severus was promoted to emperor in 306 after the death of Constantius.

Caracalla, Lucius Septimius Bassianus, 4. April 188, 8. April 217, war von 211 bis zu seinem Tod römischer Kaiser, Historisch, digitale Reproduktion e...

PLATO (originally Aristocles) Athenian philosopher Date: 428 - 348/7 BC

Louis III (880-928), also known as Louis the Blind, was the son of Boso, usurper king of Provence, and Ermengard, daughter of Emperor Louis II, making him a Carolingian through his mother. He succeeded to his father's throne in 887, aged seven. They moved to the court of Emperor Charles the Fat, where Louis was adopted as his son. In 890, Louis was proclaimed King of Arles, Provence and Cisjurane Burgundy.

Kenneth II., King of Scotland.

Bust of a bearded man, to the left. The print is part of an album with a series of prints to the sculptures in the collection of Gerard Reynst.

ALCIBIADES Athenian general ; though a friend of Socrates, he was dissolute in private and a traitor in his public life ; assassinated by the Persians Date: 450 - 404 BC

Terence, William.

Sophocles. Germany, 1800 - 1899. Drawings. Charcoal with white heightenening on tan paper

Italy, Bust of a man with beard, verso - stamped, print, prints, height 220 mm, width 168 mm, print maker, printmaker, 1750 - 1900, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process)

Sebald Beham, Portrait of an Elderly Man Facing Left Portrait of an Elderly Man Facing Left

Ariosto, Lodovico unknown artist

Buste van Isocrates, Mattheus Ignatius van Bree, After Anonymous, 1809 - 1839 print Probably to a classic image. Antwerp paper male persons from classical history (ISOCRATES)

Aristotle. Etching by P. Fidanza after Raphael Sanzio.

NERON JOVEN. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN. NERON EMPERADOR ROMANO.

Historical drawing from the 19th Century, portrait of Homer, poet of antiquity, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey

Favila, King of Asturias.

Demosthenes, 384 - 322 BC. Greek statesman and orator of ancient Athens. From an engraving by Hans Witdoeck, after a work by Peter Paul Rubens.

Ingolstadt, Eder, Wilhelm, Munich, Sadeler, Raphael (II), Raphael (I), Portrait of Romulus, verso lower left - stamped, Head of Romulus, founder and first king of Rome. After an ancient coin from the period of the Roman Empire., print, picture, book illustration, prints, pictures, height 83 mm, width 64 mm, height 116 mm, width 69 mm, South Netherlands, 1584-12-20 - 1632, print maker, printmaker, 1623 - 1623, paper, papier, engraving, engraving (printing process), letterpress printing, 1560, Publication (Event), Publication, publisher, uitgever, Publicatie, German - 1660, printer, drukker

HOMER Blind Greek poet Date: 9th - 8th Century BC

Thucydide, (historien grec.) still image. Portraits. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Picture Collection. Historians, Greeks , To 499, Thucydides

Zenon of Kun.

It was a true, Lucius Aurelius.

Leo I., oströmischer Kaiser .

Thucydides, c. 460 BC to c. 395 BC. Greek historian. From the book Harmsworth History of the World published 1908.

ARISTOTLE Greek philosopher Date: 384 - 322 BC

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus Publisher: Fritsch, Thomas (1666) Publisher: Leipzig

Gaius Julius Caesar (100 BC - 44 BC). Roman politician, general and writer. In 60 BC he established a triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. Conquered Gaul. Head of the empire an dictator in perpetuity (Dictator Perpetuus). Portrait. Engraving. "Commentaires de Cesar, avec des notes historiques, critiques et militaires, by count Turpin de Crissé. Volume I. Published in Montargis and sold in Paris, 1785.

Portrait with bust of Emperor Nero on medallion in rectangular frame with ornaments. On edge of medallion title and name of emperor. In the margin below two lines in German on how the emperor was killed, Portrait of Emperor Nero on medallion Roman emperors (series title), print maker: Nicolaes de Bruyn, Nicolaes de Bruyn, publisher: Assuerus van Londerseel, Netherlands, 1594, paper, engraving, h 73 mm × w 65 mm

Aristomachus. Greek mythological character. One of the Heracleidae, great-grandson of Heracles. From the book Crabbes Historical Dictionary published 1825.

Portrait of Cornelis Grapheus, City Secretary of Antwerp; Corn. Grapheus, Antverpiensis secretarius.

Gaius Marius, 157 BC 86 BC Roman general and statesman, The History of Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Italy, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Europe

'Euripides', (c480-406 BC), 1830. Euripides (c480-406 BC) tragedian of classical Athens. From "Biographical Illustrations", by Alfred Howard. Thomas Tegg, R. Griffin and Co., J. Cumming, London, Glasgow and Dublin, 1830

Socrates (470-399 BC) - classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher. Socrates had been found guilty of both corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens and of impiety ("not believing in the gods of the state"). Date: 4th century BC

Dentatus, Mani.

This 1884 drawing is of a bust of Elagabalus that is house in the Capitoline museum in Rome. Elagabalus, also known as Heliogabalus, was Roman emperor from 218 to 222. A member of the Severan dynasty, he was Syrian, the second son of Julia Soaemias and Sextus Varius Marcellus. In his early youth he served the god Elagabalus as a priest in Emesa, a city in present-day western Syria.

'Miltiades', (c550-489 BC), 1830. Miltiades (c550-489 BC) Athenian general known for his role in the Battle of Marathon, he was son of Cimon Coalemos, Olympic chariot-racer, and father of Cimon, noted Athenian statesman. From "Biographical Illustrations", by Alfred Howard. Thomas Tegg, R. Griffin and Co., J. Cumming, London, Glasgow and Dublin, 1830

Nero, Roman emperor.

Julius Caesar, Roman soldier and statesman. Artist: Unknown

Solon .

Amsterdam, Wetstein, Jacobus, Homeri Opera Graece et Latine, Homerus met papier, verso - gestempeld, Homerus stands on a mountain with a paper roll in his hand. In the background two armies and in the distance a city. In the clouds the Olympian gods., print, prints, verso - stamped, height 117 mm, width 64 mm, print maker, printmaker, 1742 - 1742, second quarter 18th century, paper, engraving, engraving (printing process), etching, Publication (Event), Publication, publisher

RETRATO DE ADRIANO (76/138) - ESPAÑOL Y EMPERADOR ROMANO - GRABADO S XIX. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN. ADRIANO. PUBLIO ELIO ADRIANO.

Tiberius Iulius Caesar Augustus, Tiberius Claudius Nero, 16 November 42 BC - 16 March 37 AD, was Roman Emperor from 14 to 37 AD Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact date unknown

Archimedes .

Aristarchus from Tegea (5th.th.v.Ch.).

Marcus Salvius OTHO Roman emperor committed suicide Date: 32 - 69

Otto I, the big emperor.

Janus Lutma, the younger, Portrait of Lutma the Elder, 1681, engraving on laid paper.

THALES of Miletus (6th centuryI a. C-s. VI BC). Bust of Thales of Miletus. Engraving.

Magnus Maximus (335-388) was born in Gallaecia, and would later become a distinguished general serving under Count Theodosius, father of Emperor Theodosius I, fighting in Africa and on the Danube, as well as during the Great Conspiracy in Britain, where he would later be permanently assigned in 380. When the people became displeased with the western emperor Gratian, his troops proclaimed Maximus emperor, and aided him in his imperial ambitions. Gratian was slain in Lyon, and Maximus later marched into Italy to overthrow Valentinian II. He was only stopped by the intervention of the Eastern Roman Emperor, Theodosius I, who negotiated with him and saw Maximus recognised as co-emperor in the west. Maximus' ambitions could not be quelled however, and he invaded Italy once more in 387, only to be finally defeated and killed by Theodosius I at the Battle of the Save in 388. To some historians, Maximus' death marked the end of direct imperial presence in Northern Gaul and Britain.

Caricatures and deformities after Leonardo. The old man with curly hair., circa 1645, Flanders, by Wenceslaus Hollar, Leonardo da Vinci. Gift of Bishop Monrad, 1869.

Theophrastus. Etching by J. Richardson, 1739.

Bust of Herodotus (484-425 BC) a Greek historian who was born in Halicarnassus.

Theophrastus 1676 / 1750

This 1880s illustration shows the bust of the Roman emperor Titus that is housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. Titus was Roman emperor from 79 to 81. A member of the Flavian dynasty, Titus succeeded his father Vespasian upon his death. Before becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father in Judea during the First Jewish-Roman War.

"Simple...pain" from le Brun, Heads. Representing the various passions of the soul..., circa 1760

Maximinus thrax, Roman emperor.

Aristippus, born around 435 BC. BC, died around 356 BC BC founder of the Kyrenaian school of philosophy. From the book Crabbes Historical Dictionary, published in 1825., Historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated

Zenon of Kun.

Hefiodus.

PERICLES Athenian statesman Date: circa 495 - 429 BC

Chrysippus of Soli born circa 280 BC died 207 BC. Greek Stoic philosopher. From the book Crabbes Historical Dictionary published 1825.

Martin Luther as Junker Joerg, 10 November 1483, 18 February 1546, on his return to Wartburg Castle in 1522, replica of a woodcut by Lucas Cranach, digitally enhanced reproduction of an original from 1880

Arnoldus of Villanova. Line engraving, 1640.

Saint Mark. Line engraving by P.G. Langlois after G.B. Wicar after Fra Bartolomeo.

Marcus Junius Brutus, 85 B. C. 42 B. often called Brutus, was a politician of the late Roman Republic, History of Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Italy, d...

Bust of Jupiter ca. 1531-76 Giulio Bonasone Italian. Bust of Jupiter 392798

Aristophanes, 444 B.C. - c. 380 B.C., a Greek comedy poet / Aristophanes, 444 v. Chr. - um 380 v. Chr., ein griechischer Komödiendichter, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert,.

Tacitus (200-276 CE) was born in Interamna (Terni), Italia, and worked for much of his long life in various civil offices, including a term as consul in 273, earning him much universal respect. When Aurelian was assassinated by the Praetorian Guard, Tacitus was chosen as his successor after a brief interregnum by the Roman Senate, the last time the Senate would elect an emperor. Tacitus' brief reign saw him fight against barbarian mercenaries that had been serving under Aurelian but had broken away to plunder several towns in the Eastern Roman provinces after the previous emperor's death. He then turned his attention to a resurgent Alammanic and Frankish invasion in the province of Gaul, but died of fever on the march westwards. Some other accounts claim that he was assassinated instead, after having appointed one of his own relatives to an important command in Syria. His reign barely lasted nine months.

Hamilkar Barkas or Barcas, 275 BC 228 BC Carthaginian general and statesman, History of Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Italy, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, Europe

Constantine the Great (272-337) on 100 Drachmai 1950 Banknote from Greece. Roman Emperor during 306-337. Best known for being the first Roman emperor to be converted to Christianity.

Montesquieu, Illustration, Ridpath's History of the World, Volume III, by John Clark Ridpath, LL. D., Merrill & Baker Publishers, New York, 1897

DEMOCRITUS Greek philosopher Date: 460 - 357 BC

Carneades, Greek philosopher and head of the Skeptical Academy in ancient Greece, c.214-128 BC. Carneades. Copperplate engraving after an illustration by Joachim von Sandrart from his LAcademia Todesca, della Architectura, Scultura & Pittura, oder Teutsche Academie, der Edlen Bau- Bild- und Mahlerey-Kunste, German Academy of Architecture, Sculpture and Painting, Jacob von Sandrart, Nuremberg, 1675.

Athaulf, King of the Westgoten.

Marcus Ulpius Traianus Maior, 30 AD 100 Roman senator who lived in the 1st century, father of the Roman Emperor Trajan, History of Ancient Rome, Roman...

Benedict Franz Xaver, since 1808 Ritter von Baader, also Franz Benedikt von Baader, 27 March 1765, 23 May 1841, German physician, mining engineer and philosopher, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Lucius Seneca The Eder (55 BC - 39) - Roman statesman and philosopher Date: 1584

Historic print, woodcut with autograph of 1576, portrait of Hans Sachs, 1494 - 1576, a Nuremberg poet, playwright and Meistersinger, from Bildatlas zur Geschichte der Deutschen Nationalliteratur, an illustrated atlas by Gustav Koennecke, 1887

Karneades .

Gaius Julius Caesar, 100 BC 44 BC Julius Caesar, The History of Ancient Rome, Roman Empire, Italy, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, Europe

Aristotle. Stipple engraving by A. Tardieu.

Quintus Junius Rusticus, born around 100 A.D., died around 170 A.D. Stoic philosopher. From the book Crabbes Historical Dictionary, published in 1825, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

Praxiteles .

Favila, King of Asturias.

Themistocles, c.524-459 BC. Athenian soldier and statesman. From the book Crabbs Historical Dictionary published 1825

Homer.

Bustes from seianus and an unknown man; Galleria Giustiniana del Marchese Vincenzo Giustiniani II. Two busts of Romans. Above the bust of the prefect Lucius Aelius Seianus and under an unknown man. On the lower bust the coat of arms of Vincenzo Giustiniani. Print from a publication with reproduction prints to the sculptures in the collection in the Galleria Giustiniani in Rome.

Portrait of the artist Michelangelo, at the age of 71, Johannes Wierix (Rejected Attribution), 1550 - 1600 print Antwerp paper engraving portrait, self-portrait of artist

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