Early 20th Century Labor

Historical photographs highlighting women and children working in factories and mills, illustrating early industrial labor and child labor practices.

United States: c. 1913 Women employees using Scott filling machines in a factory.

Hannah Mills, 15 years old, Young Spinner in Textile Mill, King Philip Mills, Fall River, Massachusetts, USA, Lewis Hine for National Child Labor Committee, June 1916

The Mechanical Mind. The 'mechanical mind' electrical machine which, it is said, solves involved mathematical problems too complex for the human. brain. It was perfected at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Dr. Vannevar Bush, Professor of Electric power transmission and a staff of research workers. The apparatus, known as a 'product integraph' will open the way to hitherto inaccessible fields of research. These are expected to lie largely along electrical lines.

Women's War work during the First World War, Park Royal, London A portrait of a munitions girl as she works an automatic cartridge machine for weighing, length gauging and body gauging at the Inspection Buildings, Park Royal.

United States: c. 1913 Women employees using Scott filling machines in a factory.

Sadie Pfeiffer, Spinner in a Cotton Mill. Taken in Lancaster, North Carolina in 1908. After a photograph by Lewis Hine, 1874-1940. Hine was a sociology teacher who used photography to record social

British Buttons -- Buttons are one of the industries in Britain which have greatly increased lately in range and output. The factories shown here are devoting fifty percent of their output to exports. Buttons are going to Paris, Belgium, Holland and other Western European countries, Scandinavia, Latin-America and many parts of the Empire. Extensive factories will increase production still further. All types of buttons are made and materials used include wood, cassien, plastic, bone and glass. Th

Cotton and the French Textile Industry. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

Silk factory, florence 1930.

Group of female workers working in a factory, Heinz Company

Women at work during the First World War A woman crouches down at her loom and 'puts up' the warp at a lace factory in Nottinghamshire.

Pottery in the Making- the work of J and G Meakin Pottery, Hanley, Stoke-on-trent, Staffordshire, England, 1942 Pottery worker Lola Prith presses and shapes clay dust into tiles at this factory, somewhere in Britain.

Two Teen Girls Working in Silk Mill, South Manchester, Connecticut, USA, circa 1924

Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Women workers in the cooperage, heading and lining up Guelph keys, Chemical Works, Messrs, Brunner Mond & Co, Ltd., Northwich, Manchester, September 1918.

Stabilimento sanguinetti. 1920-1930.

Cotton and the French Textile Industry. Photographs of Marshall Plan Programs, Exhibits, and Personnel

Interior of the Banketbakkerij of the De Korenschoof (Kaatstraat) flour factory in Utrecht: packing department.

Press Room, the Royal Mint, Tower Hill, London, early 20th century. Artist: Unknown

The Women's Royal Naval Service during the Second World War Wren fitters at work at a naval depot at Greenock, Scotland. Wrens carry out skilful work as carpenters, fitters etc and show themselves to be capable craftswomen.

Young Teen Girl Working as Spinner at Cotton Mill, West, Texas, USA, circa 1913

Industry during the First World War- Leicestershire A female worker replaces empty spools of thread in a lace curtain machine in a Nottingham factory in September 1918.

Women working on the Underwood Typewriter Company assembly Line, overseen by a male supervisor (background), Hartford, CT, 7/5/1962. (Photo by Warren K Leffler/US News & World Report Collection/GG Vintage Images/UIG)

In an Old-Fashioned Textile Mill (Spinner).. Lewis W. Hine, photographer (American, 1874 - 1940) 1912 Inscription: Inscribed on verso print in pencil: "In an old-/fashioned/textile mill-1912" and "IT2/3079/59". Secondary Inscription: Inscribed on verso mat: "$500".

Vintage Photograph. Workers using air gauges to sort cylinders used in the household refrigerator compressor

Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Interior of the central kitchen, where, over 14000 meals are cooked daily, Gretna munition township.

Underage Girl Working as Spinner, Full-Length Portrait, Whitnel Cotton Manufacturing Company, Whitnel, North Carolina, USA, Lewis Hine for National Child Labor Committee, December 1908

14-year-old Girl Working as Spinner at Cotton Mill, West, Texas, USA, circa 1913

Painting Murals. January 08, 1947.

Anefo photo collection. Textile factory. January 23, 1946

Poll photo collection. Israel 1948-1949: Rishon Lezion. Workers busy labeling wine bottles in the Rothschild wine cellars in Rishon Lezion. January 1, 1948. Israel, Rishon Lezion

Two Young Girls Working Alongside Adult in Textile Mill, Lincolnton, North Carolina, USA, Lewis Hine for National Child Labor Committee, November 1908

Female preparedness course in fine mechanics in Stockholm's professional schools in 1942. See Stockholm newspaper 21. July 1942.

Long Island City, New York: 1923 The Chiclet packing department at the American Chicle Company plant.

Young Girl Working as Spooling at Cotton Mill, Roanoke, Virginia, USA, circa 1911

Untitled (Woman between Rows of Skein Wheels) Lewis Wickes Hine (American, 1874-1940). , 1936-1937. Gelatin silver photograph, 7 x 5 in. (17.8 x 12.7 cm). Photography 1936-1937

Photograph of gold ingots being tested in the metallurgical laboratory of the bank of France. Date: 1931

Woman operating a belt driven sewing machine at a shoe factory in Lynn, Massachusetts. 1895 photo by Frances Benjamin Johnston.

Poll photo collection. Buddlercentrale of the Dutch Red Cross. Employee of the Drying Development of the Amsterdam Inland Host Hospital screws a bottle of breast milk in an evaporation machine with the nickname porcupine. May 1954. Amsterdam, Noord-Holland

Superintendent and Group of Young Boys working as Doffers at Cotton Mill, Newton, North Carolina, USA, circa 1908

Young Girl Working as Spooler Tender at American Linen Company, Fall River, Massachusetts, USA, circa 1916

Shipbuilding during the First World War

Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Women workers making Voltoid used in telephone batteries in the Chemical Works, of Messrs. Brunner Mond & Co. Ltd., Northwich, Manchester, September 1918.

Sadie Pfeiffer, Spinner in Cotton Mill, North Carolina; Lewis W. Hine (American, 1874 - 1940); North Carolina, United States; negative 1910; print about 1920s - 1930s; Gelatin silver print; Sheet: 28 x 35.7 cm (11 x 14 1,16 in.)

Milt. Gen. Food Parcels -- Field operation Rations for troops in New Guinea after being packed in tins have the lid fitted in this machine at ***** factory the Ration will be delivered by air. October 07, 1942. (Photo by Alec Iverson/Fairfax Media).

Industry during the First World War- Cheshire A female worker removes bottles of lager from the pasteurising tank at a Cheshire brewery in September 1918.

Spinner in Lancaster Cotton Mills. Lancaster, S.C, December 1908.

Portrait of 12-year-old Girl at Cotton Mill, Roanoke, Virginia, USA, circa 1911

Women working in an English munitions factory. Date: 1916

Industry during the Second World War- Cheshire Female workers label bottles of lager using machinery at a Cheshire brewery in September 1918.

Industry during the First World War- Cheshire Female workers label bottles of lager using machinery at a Cheshire brewery in September 1918.

Lots skor vegetables..

Sadie Pfeifer, 48 inches high, Lancaster Mills, Lancaster, South Carolina, USA, Lewis Hine for National Child Labor Committee, November 1908

Arab factories & general improvements in Nablus, Match factory Grading match sticks. 1940, West Bank, Nablus, Middle East, Palestine

Vintage photograph. Filling cans with orange juice concentrate

Jewish factories in Palestine on Plain of Sharon & along the coast to Haifa. Ramath Gan. The 'Elite' Chocolate Factory. 'Chocolate' sweets automatically cut & wrapped. 1939, Israel, Ramat-Gan

Women making table forks at the Souete Generale de Coutellerie, France.

Poll photo collection. Israel 1948-1949: Ramat Gan. Woman at work in a cigarette factory. January 1, 1948. Israel, Ramat Gan

Women Making American Flags on Sewing Machines, Brooklyn Navy Yard, Brooklyn, New York, USA, Bain News Service, July 1917

From Arm Chairs To Bombers- War work at Perrings Furniture Showroom, Kingston, Surrey, 1943 Part-time women war workers inspect cables in the Inspection Department of the 'factory' at Perrings furniture showrooms. They are producing electrical equipment for the Royal Air Force.

Women Workers, 1918

Women working at sewing machines in factory in Leicester, England. 1923.

High angle view of a group of female workers working in a bread factory

Crate nailing machines in the construction workshops of the Noisiel plant. Old 19th century engraving from La Nature 1887

Women war workers in the doping room of a gas-mask factory during the First World War. A general view of women at work at tables in the doping room of an anti-gas mask factory, somewhere in Britain. Large piles of gas masks can be seen on the tables and also on shelves in the background. Union flags decorate the room.

Women making fuses in an arms factory, Italy, World War I, from L'Illustrazione Italiana, Year XLIV, No 20, May 20, 1917.

Two men work with a band saw. Arnold Eagle (American, 1909 - 1992)

Fabbrica l. torrigiani. fried fishes. 1920-1930.

Men working in a railway mail train ca. 1909.

Rutenberg Works, opening of powerhouse, Lord Reading's visit. 1932, Jordan

Vintage Photograph. Hardware store interior at housewares section.

The Employment of Women in Britain, 1914-1918 Female workers hoist motor vehicle tyres in the rubber factory of Charles Macintosh and Sons Ltd, Manchester, in September 1918.

Scene in the grapefruit canning plant at Winterhaven, Florida. Some of these girls are migratory workers 1937. still image. Photographs. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Photography Collection

Jewish factories in Palestine on Plain of Sharon and along the coast to Haifa. 'Shemen' oil works. Glass containers being filled with highly refined edible oil. 1939, Israel, Haifa

World War I, women working in a British munitions factory, ca. 1915

Interior of the factory of the Royal Tobacco and Cigar Factory G. Ribbius Peletier Jr. (Oudegracht B 191) in Utrecht: De Vrouwenzaal.n.b. The address Oudegracht B 191 was changed in 1890 in Oudegracht Tolsteegzijde 200 and in 1917 in Oudegracht 364.

Training For War work at the Chelsea Polytechnic Ministry of Labour Training Centre, London, England, 1941 A view of a corner of the machine shop at the Ministry of Labour training centre at Chelsea Polytechnic. Several female trainees can be seen working on various pieces of machinery, and the male supervisor can also be seen in the background.

Two women are working on painting bicycle parts on Velociped AB Lindblad in Stockholm.

Training For War Work- Chiswick Polytechnic, Turnham Green, 1941 Mary Corcoran, aged 20, is from Gateshead. Here she can be seen working on the carriage of a Bren gun at Chiswick Polytechnic.

USA, Indiana, female workers working in toy car production line

American Waltham Watch Factory , Factories, Clock & watch industry, Interiors, American Waltham Watch Company. Waltham Room Collection

Industry during the First World War Female workers hoist motor vehicle tyres in the rubber factory of Charles Macintosh and Sons Ltd, Manchester, in September 1918.

Industry during the First World War A female worker fixes a studded tread onto a motor vehicle tyre in the rubber factory of Charles Macintosh and Sons Ltd, Manchester, in September 1918.

Workers and machinery at Pastificio Cassanello, October 16, 1947, Genoa, Italy, 20th century.

Jewish factories in Palestine on Plain of Sharon & along the coast to Haifa. The Lodzia Textile Co. in Holon settlement (meaning sandy). Finishing socks & stockings, closer up. 1939, Israel, Ḥolon

Aircraft, Burma, India & INDIA,ARMAMENT War

Bobbin winding in a Lancashire cotton mill.

Skiopticon image from the Department of Photography at the Royal Institute of Technology. Use by Professor Helmer Bäckström as teaching material. Bäckström was Sweden's first professor in photography at the Royal Institute of Technology 1948-1958. Optische Anstal C. P. Goerz, Berlin.

Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Women workers preparing iron works for the construction of concrete ships. Stewart Concrete Ship Co., Northfleet Dockyard, Gravesend, June 1918.

Jewish factories in Palestine on Plain of Sharon and along the coast to Haifa. Ramath Gan. The 'Elite' Chocolate Factory. Packing of large bars of cooking chocolate. 1939, Israel, Ramat-Gan

Pneumatic tyres: testing inner tubes. From La Nature, Paris, 1900.

American Waltham Watch Factory , Factories, Clock & watch industry, Interiors, American Waltham Watch Company. Waltham Room Collection

Aeroplane framing and building is being tonight at Ferndale-road Council School, Brixton. Women are being trained as aeroplane assemblers, and discharged solders in woodwork machining. Woman testing the various joints and screws for the aeroplane. June 11, 1918.

Colour photograph of a British female steel worker. Dated 1941

Young woman finishing a drill bit, 1940

07/31/1937. Workers from a Madrid workshop where hand pumps of better quality than foreign ones are manufactured.

Little Lasse "was one of the women who in 1942 underwent a contingency course in fine mechanics for women's work within the heavy industry.

Ministry of Information First World War Official Collection Interior of bakery, where 13000 lbs of bread are baked daily, Gretna munition township.

Training For War Work- Chiswick Polytechnic, Turnham Green, 1941 Mrs Elizabeth Henderson (originally from Gateshead) inspects the extension pistons of Bren guns at Chiswick Polytechnic. Her husband is in the Army.

Anna in the woodshop , Woodworking, Students, Massachusetts Normal Art School

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