Early Scientific Instruments

Vintage photographs of scientific instruments and plumbing fixtures from the early 20th century, detailing their designs and functions in historical contexts.

A photograph showing the temperature of gas masks in a Chemical Warfare Service facility. The location of thermometers in a B.R. hood is depicted. This image was received on April 2, 1919, and is numbered 54568. It is accompanied by notes indicating it was issued with the designation "1130."

Interior view of a French Variometer WUNDER 2231 PROTOGRAP from 1919. This photograph depicts the detailed layout of the variometer, which was used for measuring atmospheric pressure and altitude. Note the intricacies and precision of the instrument in this image.

Plate 1040 - A, bathroom, Grosvenor. Trade catalogs. 1911. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies

Fig. VII. Chiromylos, Aromaticus. Chiromyli alia forma.. Bockler, Georg Andreas. Prints, Drawings, Design drawings. 1662. Rare Book Division. Mechanical engineering, Machinery, Mills and mill-work, Flour & meal industry, Gearing

Plate 1032 1/2 - A, bathroom Knickerbocker. Trade catalogs. 1911. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies

A photograph showing the temperature of gas masks in a Chemical Warfare Service facility. The location of thermometers in a B.R. hood is depicted. This image was received on April 2, 1919, and is numbered 54568. It is accompanied by notes indicating it was issued with the designation "1130."

Lt. G.C. Zalibra captured this photo on August 24, 1918. The image shows a close-up of an airplane's instruments, specifically the reservoir for hydraulic synchronization control. This photo was not intended for publication, rather it was meant for official use only.

Antenna Reel for radio apparatus used in airplanes. Photo taken at the Radio Development Station in Washington, D.C. The image shows an electric winding mechanism for the antenna reel. It was taken on May 2, 1918, and the photograph is not intended for publication.

Demarest's Patent Syphon Water Closets, the 'Monarch' amd 'Warwick.'. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Plate 119-X. Small autoclave set in a gas furnace.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles, Autoclaves

Plate 31-XX. Cross bars for holding the power bracket for mixers.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles, Machinery

Image showing a standard multiple tube phosgene apparatus used for pyrotechnic research by J.A. Richter in the Chemical Warfare Service's Research Division. The photo was taken on July 12, 1918, and received from the Chemical Warfare Service.

Fig. XXCIV. Haustraum ex profundo puteo. Antlergon, ex profundiore puteo.. Bockler, Georg Andreas. Prints, Drawings, Design drawings. 1662. Rare Book Division. Mechanical engineering, Machinery, Mills and mill-work, Gearing, Troughs

Diagram illustrating the components and structure of German gas shells during World War One. The diagram is labeled as Noteb 0 G2.92 RM 31 & - Lating Pollet -To Le Selles - Fre.

Sections of hardware. Plates 93-D to 97-D.. text. Illustrations. 1884. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs

Pressure testing machine used to determine film drying rates of artists' oil paints , Paints & varnishes, Research, Processes & techniques, Scientific equipment. The Massachusetts WPA Federal Art Project Photograph Collection

In this photograph, H.H. Clark is conducting mechanical research in the Research Division of the Chemical Warfare Service. He is utilizing an eyepiece abrading apparatus, which was received from the Research Division. The photo was taken on July 2, 1918, under the description number AU.

Image showing a gun sight illuminating system being developed and inspected in the Research and Inspection Lab in Paris, France during World War One. The photograph was released by the A.E.F censor on 1-7-19, and is labelled as SUBJECT 33656.

Display of a color spectrum of a mist or a gas cloud in the universe, anonymous, c. 1856 - in or before 1866 photograph photographic support albumen print stars and constellations

Sailor next to a folded Sigsbee probe, c. 1870 - in or before 1880 photomechanical print maker: United States of Americaprinter: Boston paper collotype fathoming, sounding. machines; parts of machines; tools and appliances. seaman

The 'Undine' Front-Outlet Wash-Out Ventilating Water Closet.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Warren Morse, Union Signal Corps photographer, took this photo on January 2, 1919, in Paris, France. It shows H Sgt. A Moscioni using a T.S.F. transmitting SCR-57 set in the Research and Inspection Laboratory. This caption is not intended for publication and is only designated for official use.

Demarest's Patent Water Closet Apparatus.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

A diagram showing the plunger of a German gas shell used during World War One. The shell belonged to the Chemical Warfare Service and had the label EHZ.17Z1. The photograph highlights the hollow structure of the shell and the inscription "PUR HOB" on its side.

Fire Control Research - North Carolina. Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History

Plate 135-X. Acid resisting enameled kettles with a wood mixer.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles

Image of a photographer, Corp. Klein, capturing a photo of radio apparatus, specifically the SCR-73, being taken for use in airplanes. This photograph was taken at the Radio Development Station in Washington, D.C. on May 2nd, 1918. Note: The photograph is not meant for publication.

The image features a SCR Apparatus, specifically the S.C.R. 55 Vacuum tube receiver. The photograph was taken by Photographer 2618 on March 5, 1918. This apparatus refers to a detector set utilizing vacuum tubes. The image is not intended for publication, and it is associated with laboratory notes referencing its serial number, which is $2618.

The 'Demarest,' Side-Outlet Valve Water Closet. Patented.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Demarest's Patent Water Closet Apparatus.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Caption: The Dreyer Oxygen Control apparatus manufactured by the Julius King Optical Co., N.Y. is shown in this photograph. The high-pressure tubing and low-pressure connection can be seen packed and ready for shipment. This apparatus was used on aeroplanes during World War I. (Photo credit: Julius King Optical Co.)

Demarest's patent copper-lined wood cisterns. Plates 183-D, 184-D and 185-D.. text. Illustrations. 1884. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs

Water Quality Measurements - All States. Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History

Plate 10-X. Extra heavy steam jacketed kettle of plain cast iron and coated with acid resisting enamel.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles

Mott's Patent Porcelain Flushing-Rim Slop Sink, the 'Hygeia.'. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Basins (Containers), Faucets

Chemical Warfare Service's Research Division conducting gas mask examination. A.C. Fieldner seen operating the G-52 intermittent canister testing machine, from the back view. This picture was taken on July 12, 1918. This photograph captures ongoing research and testing activities of the Chemical Warfare Service during World War One.

Plate 69-XX. Vertical tanks.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles, Storage tanks

Diameter of a machine, Gustav Werner, 1885 - 1890 photograph paper section ~ architectural design or model. parts of machines

Sections of cisterns. Plates 98-D to 101-D.. text. Illustrations. 1884. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs

Chemical Warfare Service researchers examine a chlorine intermittent canister testing machine in this photograph taken by A.C. Fieldner. The testing machine is being used to ensure the efficacy of gas masks. The photo was obtained from the Chemical Warfare Service; Research Division and was dated July 12, 1918.

American Vacuum tubes used as amplifiers and radio detectors are displayed in a photograph taken at the Research and Inspection Lab in Paris, France. The photograph was taken by Lt. Cloud, S.C. on July 30, 1918 and received on December 18, 1918. This image is part of a collection held by the A.E.F. censor and has the description number 31165.

Urinals with Demarest's Patent Syphon Cistern.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets, Plumbing fixtures

Cellen, Isaac Weissenbruch, 1836 - 1912 print Netherlands paper biology

The 'Triplex,' Porcelain-Lined Iron Side-Outlet Wash-Out Water Closet.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Image showcasing the pyrotechnic research conducted by J.A. Richter in the Chemical Warfare Service's Research Division. The photo depicts the explosion of an incendiary shell, with burning material visibly in flight. This photograph was received by the service on July 12, 1918, with the reference number SUBIECT 54913 AU.

Plate 118-X. General appearance of jacketed kettles for 220 gallon size. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles

This photograph (number 3908) was taken in January 1918 by a photographer from the Chemical Warfare Service. The image shows a gas mine with the symbol AU and a fuse labeled De PUZE L.W.M.Z. The notes indicate that it is a pale fuse (label 88308) for a gas mine measuring 7.5 cm.

Four examples of recordings of a lamp on two different types of plates and an example of a correct recording of the sky in a window, recto - printed, photomechanical print, page, photographs, photographically illustrated books, a b, cd, e. (P. 46-48)., Taf. X., height 215 mm, width 140 mm, maker, producer, 1890 - 1895, paper, papier, collotype

Sgt. A. Moscioni from the Signal Corps is seen in this photograph taken on January 2, 1919. The image shows him standing next to a T.P.S. Transmitter, specifically the SCR-71 model, at the Research and Inspection Laboratory in Paris, France. This photo is not to be published and is intended for official use only.

Mott's porcelain-lined French baths. Plates 20-D and 21-D.. text. Illustrations. 1884. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Bathtubs & showers

Mott's Cabinet Lavatories.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Faucets, Washstands

Demarest's Patent Water Closet Apparatus.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Part of the human body with a deviation, Isaac Weissenbruch, 1836 - 1912 print Netherlands paper anatomy (non-medical). diseases

Leonardo's Wheeled Scraper. Original caption: From Page 336 - "Engineer and Engineering in the Renaissance: by W. B. Parsons - Baltimore 1939.

Demarest's Patent Water Closet Apparatus.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Sala mine and silver plant chronology.sala silver mine.ur Carl Sahlin mountain historical collection.

Three-inch H.E. shells containing 60% oleum, photographed by a Chemical Warfare Service photographer during World War One. The image captures the ammunition used in combat, highlighting the importance of chemical warfare tactics during the war.

Determination of Distance To An Inaccessible Point. Original caption: From: Surveying Instruments, Their History and Classroom Use, by Edmund R. Kiely, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1947.

Photograph of a diagram illustrating the parts and composition of German gas shells during World War One. Note the markings and symbols labeled on the image. The diagram provides detailed information about the various components, including the power pellet, needle, and rolity pore.

Electro-Exposers. Front view of three electromagnetic lens shutters with their panels shown at various positions.. (Recto, print) lower left, in pencil, in the artist's hand: "Electro-Exposers";

A flow meter is used to test the pressure drop on the air resistance of a canister in this image. This photograph was taken by a photographer from the Chemical Warfare Service during World War One. The specific description of the equipment indicates that it is an issued flow meter for this purpose.

Instrumentation: Climatic - Michigan. Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History

Plate 141-X. Jacketed filter used for pressure or vacuum.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles

Demarest's Patent Water Closet Apparatus.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

Plate 71-X. Vertical open top steel storage tank.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles, Storage tanks

Cloth beating, brushing, & cleaning machine.. Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedrich Bayer & Co.. Textiles, Illustrations, Design drawings. 1902. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection

Alambic for platinum from quennesses on the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations of 1851 in London; Platinum Alembic. Quenneen. .

The 'Purita'.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

9/8 Six colour duplex printing machine. Six colour duplex printing machine.. Farbenfabriken vorm. Friedrich Bayer & Co.. Textiles, Illustrations, Design drawings. 1902. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection

Spectroscoop, Isaac Weissenbruch, 1836 - 1912 print Netherlands paper optical instruments

Mott's Patent 'Nonpareil' Basin.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Basins (Containers)

Private Price is shown in the photograph with a radio wave meter. The meter, known as the TYPE 3 R-30, was used for research and inspection purposes by the Research and Inspection Division in Paris, France. The image was taken on March 1, 1918. The photograph is labeled as 339/8 and was not meant for publication.

Plate 110-X. Heavy steam jacketed kettle with xtension curb above the hinge.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles

Physical instrument with a hollow mirror, F.W. Funckler, c. 1857 - in or before 1867 photograph Netherlands photographic support albumen print physics (+ tools, instruments; laboratory equipment ~ scientific research)

A soldier, Sgt. Schachel Ford, from the Signal Corps, is seen in this photograph taken in December 1918. He is conducting a corrosion test on a piece of steel, which was issued a note marked 312.53. The purpose of this test was to evaluate the effects of corrosion on military equipment during World War One.

Urinals with Demarest's Patent Automatic Flushing Cistern.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets, Plumbing fixtures

Instruments of the old observatory in Beijing, Anonymous, c. 1892 - in or before 1897 photomechanical print paper observatory (~ astronomy). astronomical instruments Peking

Zubler's Novum Instrumentum Geometricum. Original caption: From: Surveying Instruments, Their History and Classroom Use, by Edmund R. Kiely, Bureau of Publications, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, 1947.

Mollusques: 1.- 5. Biphore raboteux; 6.- 8. Fœtus d'une autre espéce; 9. Vaisseaux sanguins; 10. Systême nerveux.. Dumont d'Urville, Jules-Sébastien-César, 1790-1842. Prints. 1830 - 1835. General Research Division

Plate 140-X. Illustrates three kettles set in a hot water tank through which hot water is being circulated from a separate heater or other device.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles

A soldier named Lt. Lubbe is shown in the photograph, taken on January 27, 1919, during World War One. The image depicts a heifer being prepared as meat for the government. The hind view of the heifer shows it being trimmed for commercial purposes. The photo was endorsed by the M.I.D censor on January 28, 1919. The photograph was issued with the identification number 934528.

Photo collection Government information service. Dick Raaijmakers (1930-2013): 'Sound installation'. undated

Demarest's patent flushing-rim hoppers and cisterns. Plates 181-D and 182-D.. text. Illustrations. 1884. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs

Fig. CXV. Haustrum simplex, per sphæras. Cochlea simplex, per sphæras suni insertas.. Bockler, Georg Andreas. Prints, Drawings, Design drawings. 1662. Rare Book Division. Mechanical engineering, Machinery, Mills and mill-work, Mules, Pipes (Conduits), Water pumps

Natural philosophical instruments of Deleuil on the Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations from 1851 in London, C.M. Ferrier & F. von Martens (attributed to), 1851 photograph London photographic support salted paper print London

Image showing a F.C. Aero Radio Transmitter being tested in a laboratory during World War One. This photo is not intended for publication.

Image of a disassembled antenna reel (type R-3) for radio apparatus used in airplanes. Photo taken at the Radio Development Station in Washington, D.C. during World War One. Not intended for publication. Taken on May 2, 1918.

The photograph shows a French artillery mask of the tissot type from the Chemical Warfare Service's Research Division. It was taken on July 12, 1918, by photographer B.B. Fogler. The inside view of the mask is visible in the image. This information was received from the Chemical Warfare Service, Research Division in a document marked as "SUBIECT 54678" and "RECO P.N. 1261."

Surveying Instruments. Original caption: From: The Early Years of Modern Civil Engineering by Richard Shelton Kirby and Philip Gustave Laurson, New Haven, 1932.

Fittings for Copper or Lead Lined Wood Cisterns.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Plumbing fixtures

Image shows a shrapnel gas shell after explosion. The shell contained black powder, stannio-chloride, and chloro-pierin. The photo was taken during pyrotechnic research conducted by J.A. Richter in the Chemical Warfare Service's Research Division. The image was received on July 12, 1918.

Valve Hopper Closets, Porcelain-Lined and Painted Iron.. Prints. 1888. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Plumbing , Equipment and supplies , Catalogs, Toilets

No. 4-B. Steam jacketed kettles and chemical appliances. Plate 5-X. Power mixing kettle.. Illustrations. 1920 - 1929. Science, Industry and Business Library: General Collection. Kettles

Part of the human body with a deviation, Isaac Weissenbruch, 1836 - 1912 print Netherlands paper anatomy (non-medical). diseases

World exhibition , Priv, Motor de Baudis, invented and exhibited by Julius de Baudis, Vienna No, Oscar Kramer -, photographer, Viennese photographer association, publishing house

Cubic Surface, Wiener's Model. Unknown

Laboratory Techniques - All States. Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History

Mollusques: 1.- 5. Biphore bieaudé; 6. 7. Biphore infundibuliforme; 8. Biphore tronqué; 9. 10. Biphore nucléal; 11.- 14. Biphore à facette; 15.- 18. Biphore pyramidal; 19. Biphore multitentaculé; 20.- 24. Biphore bleu; 25.- 28. Biphore denticulé; 29. 30. Biphore à qucue.. Dumont d'Urville, Jules-Sébastien-César, 1790-1842. Prints. 1830 - 1835. General Research Division

Top view of a "Summersender" (T.P.S. Transmitter), a German instrument captured by American forces on July 20, 1918, near Soissons. This transmitter was used for ground telegraphy and was photographed at the Research and Inspection Lab in Paris, France. It is currently held by the A.E.F. censor.

Image of a disassembled Bosch magneto, with various numbered parts laid out. The magneto is identified by the serial number 67,810 and is associated with the Signal Corps. The photograph is accompanied by a description mentioning the 18-bulb symbol and the AU symbol, which likely denote specific components or functions of the magneto.

Tree Identification - Tallowtree. Photographs Relating to National Forests, Resource Management Practices, Personnel, and Cultural and Economic History

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