Historical Astronomy Instruments

Images of astronomers using traditional scientific instruments like astrolabes and armillary spheres, depicting historical studies of astronomy.

Assaying copper: Furnaces (1,4), ore (3), bellows (5), and aeolipile (6) to supply draught to furnaces. Pot in which flux is prepared (8). From 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker 'Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt- und Berckwercksarten' originally published in Prague in 1574. Copperplate engraving.

Astronomers and various instruments including, on table, an astrolabe and an armillary sphere. Wood engraving, 1650.

astrology astrologer woodcut ""Quinta Essentia ..."" by Leonard Thurneysser Leipzig 1574,

Astronomer and death; Dance dance. An astronomer sits at a table studying with a opened book for him. He looks up and points to an armillarium (atronomic instrument) that hangs above the table. Besides him, death is with a skull in his skeletal hands. The top margin with the Latin indication of the Bible text is missing here.

Preparation of soda, historical account from Georgius Agricola, De re metallica libri XII, Mining and metallurgy, metallurgy, published 1556

Tycho Brahe at work in his observatory at Uranienborg, Sweden 1576

A woodcut engraving depicting an assay laboratory. In this picture gold and silver are being assayed. Dated 16th century

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A hand operated irrigation pump

Engraving depicting the investigation of the impenetrability and permeability of various bodies. Dated 18th Century

Assaying copper: Furnaces (1,4), ore (3), bellows (5), and aeolipile (6) to supply draught to furnaces. Pot in which flux is prepared (8). From 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker 'Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt- und Berckwercksarten' originally published in Prague in 1574. Copperplate engraving.

Philisophers demonstrating the mathematical sciences, including geometry and Pythagoras's Triangle.

'Assay laboratory: in this picture gold and silver are being assayed. Woodcut from ''De re metallica'', Basle, 1556, by Agricola (Georg Bauer).'

Animal Powered Milling Machine 17th Century Engraving

Nollet, at the College de Navarre, Paris, demonstrates how electricity can be generated by stroking a glass globe, and then passed from one person to another Date: 1753

Diseases of Dogs and their Cures. 19th century reproduction of miniature in 14th century manuscript of Phoebus

Fig. XLII. Bumylos simplex., 1662., Coloniæ Agrippinæ. Publisher, Sumptibus Pauli Principis, Technempolæi Noribergici. Mechanical engineering, Machinery, Mills and mill-work, Oxen, Flour & meal industry, Gearing, Engravings

Archimedes (Syracuse-Syracuse-287, -212). Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Archimedes and his experiments. Engraving.

Thomas Norton's (fl1477) laboratory. Engraving after manuscript in British Museum, London, which is probably earliest illustration of balance in glass case. From Elias Ashmole 'Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum' London 1652. Engraving.

Mortars on movable carriages - Frankfort, 1575

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A grain milling machine driven by a donkey.

Nuremberg, Amman, Jost, Portrait of Wenzel Jamnitzer, busy with perspective calculations, recto - written in pen in brown, Wenzel Jamnitzer is portrayed as a scholar, with objects that refer to his scientific interest in the study of perspective. He was also occupied with this branch of science in reality. He developed the instrument for perspective drawing, which he demonstrates here, and published his 'Perspectiva corporum regularium' in 1568., print, prints, verso - stamped, Menzel Jamnitzer, height 178 mm, width 261 mm, Swiss, 1539 - 1591-03-15, print maker, printmaker, 1561 - 1591, third quarter 16th century, paper, papier, etching

Astronomy

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher and mathematician in his study Engraving from a 17th century edition of his collected works

De Re Metallica Plate 5: Level and Tongue, Mining - De Re Metallic

Title page of A Discourse Concerning a New World & Another Planet by John Wilkins, 1683. Artist: Unknown

Astronomer. Persian astronomer Messahalah, (8th CE). Woodcut by A. Durer. Title page: Messahalah's "De scientia motus orbis", 1504. Author: ALBRECHT DURER.

alchemy distilliation different stoves,engraving 1st half 16th century private collection,

Amputations of arm and leg with diagrams to illustrate how to perform the operations. Engraving, 1743.

William Gilbert, English physician and physicist. An illustration from his book; De Arte Magnetica. Date: 1600

Checking the quality of Saltpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03). Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is still used in the preservation of some foods. In medicine it was used internally as a diuretic, but now is only used externally for a number of conditions, such as asthma. From 1683 English edition of 'Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt', Lazarus Ercker, (Prague, 1574). Copperplate engraving.

German surgeon. Facsimile of an engraving attributed to Hans Holbein, in the German translation of Boethius "Consolatio Philosophiae", published in Augsburg in 1537. Sciences & Lettres au Moyen Age et à l'époque de la Renaissance. Paris, 1877. Author: Hans Holbein the Younger (c. 1497-1543). German-Swiss artist.

Constellations of Cassiopeia and Cepheus. Engraving.

Distillation of nitric acid (Aqua fortis or parting acid) in an 'iron man with two noses', 1689. Artist: Unknown

New Inventions of Modern Times Nova Reperta, The Invention of Distillation, plate 7 ca. 1600 Jan Collaert I Netherlandish Seventh plate from a print series entitled Nova Reperta (New Inventions of Modern Times) consisting of a title page and 19 plates, engraved by Jan Collaert I, after Jan van der Straet, called Stradanus, and published by Philips Galle. Illustration of workers at a distillery factory. In the foreground on the right two men read a book. In the center four men perform the act of distillation. On the right a young boy and two other men behind him also work to aid the distillation process.. New Inventions of Modern Times Nova Reperta, The Invention of Distillation, plate 7 659712

Distillation of nitric acid (Aqua fortis or parting acid) in an' iron man with two noses'. From 'Philio-Chemico-Medicus' Christopher Packe (1689). Translation of the collected works of the German physician Johann Rudolph Glauber (1604-1770). Woodcut.

Geometry Hieronymus Cock & F. Floris Engraving Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris

Paper factory. Paper cutting. Lllustration from 'Encyclopedia' (1751), directed by D'Alembert and Diderot. Engraving.

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A flour grinding mill powered by water

Heating mercury-bearing ore and recovering mercury by distillation. From 'De la pirotechnia' by Vannoccio Biringuccio (Venice, 1540).

A worker preparing a feather for use as a plume by scraping and curling, above; further preparation of a plume, two hats with plumes and a single plume, below. Engraving by R. Bénard after Radel.

alchemy distilliation and filtration woodcut ""De Alchimia libri tres"" by Geber (Dshabir Ibn Hayyan 721 - 815) Strassburg 1531,

Chemistry: a large vessel for distillation, on a furnace. Woodcut after M. Augusti.

Elderly man makes dimensions for four young figures on a natural globe, Jan Luyken, 1689 print Amsterdam paper etching sphere, globe ~ stereometry. measuring-instruments (+ scholar, scientist (at work))

Illustration from Theatrum Machinarum Novum 1661 by Georg Andreas Böckler; A hand operated milling machine

Hero of Alexandria's (lst century AD) mechanical blacksmiths. Woodcut from 'Gli Artificiose e curiosi moti spiritale de Herone', Bologna, 1647. The mechanism is powered by water.

Distillation; New inventions and discoveries; Nova Reperta. A workshop for distillation. In the foreground a scholar reads the recipe for distillation. At the front right herbs with a mortar are mild by a young assistant. Centrally a large boiler that is heated. In a painting on the wall a show of a dining room. The print is part of a ninetical series about new inventions and discoveries.

Treatment of gold and silver ore in the sixteenth century, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Italian astronomer and mathematician. Frontispiece of first edition of his 'Dialogo dei Massimi Sistemi' Florence 1632. 3 figures, left to right, Aristotle, Ptolemy and Copernicus. Engraving by Della Bella.

16th century surgical equipment and instruments arranged on a table. From Ambroise Pare's, DIX LIVRES DE LA CHIRURGIE (TEN BOOKS ON SURGERY), 1564.

Galileo presenting his telescope to the Muses, and pointing out a heliocentric system of the universe. Note Jupiter and its satellites, the phases of Venus, and the triple nature of Saturn. From 'Operere di Galileo Galilei', Bologna 1655-1656. Engraving

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) French philosopher and mathematician in his study. Engraving from a 17th century edition of his colected works.

Preparation of sugar in the 18th century, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

Medicine, Anatomy, Surgery, The Elements of Surgery, 1764, An amputation of the leg, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Black and white engraving illustration of the Royal Confectioner.

Man the microcosm and the Universe the macrocosm. From 'Margarita Philosophica', Basle, 1508.

Woodcut depicting an optical instrument maker in his workshop. From Magia Naturalis by Johannes della Porta, German. 1558

food sugar production ""Saccharum"" (Sugar) copper engraving by Theodor Galle or Jan Collaert based on Johannes Stradanus (1523-1605) from ""Nova Reperta"" (New inventions) circa 1580,

Ctesibius of Alexandria (285-222 BC), Greek mathematician and inventor who studied pneumatics, Woodcut

Distillation, Philips Galle (attributed to workshop or), After Jan van der Straet, c. 1589 - c. 1593 print A workshop for distillation. In the foreground, a scholar from a thick book reads the recipe for distillation. In the front right, herbs with a mortar are finely tampered by a young assistant. Central a large boiler that is heated. In a painting on the wall a representation of a dining room. The print has a Latin caption and is part of a nineteen -part series about new inventions and discoveries. print maker: Antwerpafter design by: Florencepublisher: Antwerp paper engraving gin-distiller. laboratory apparatus and equipment. fire, oven, furnace ~ interior of industrial structure. pestle and mortar. chemical industry. distilled spirits. picture, painting. evening meal, dinner, supper. medicament, medicine. invention, discovery ~ science and technology. corrector ~ printing

Archimedes (c287-212 BC) Ancient Greek mathematician and inventor standing on earth. Four Greek elements, earth, air, fire, water and dome of fixed stars. Thales's concept of flat earth floating on water. From Archimedes 'Tetragonismus ...', Venice, 1503.

Pharmacopoea Hagana, frontispiece by D. Coster

Lavoisier in his laboratory conducting an experiment on the respiration of a man at work. Photogravure after M.A.P. Lavoisier.

A German Astronomer and Cosmographist after a 16th century wood engraving by Jost Amman From Science and Literature in The Middle Ages by Paul Lacroix published London 1878

Anatomical Figure VIII, Jan Luyken, 1680 - 1688 print Print at the top right marked: fol. 207 Amsterdam paper etching anatomical models (usually series of five figures). biology

Assay laboratory, showing muffle furnace and balance, left. From De la pirotechnia by Vannoccio Biringuccio (Venice, 1540).

Print at the top right labeled: fol. 180.

astronomy comets comet as enunciator of disaster woodcut 1566,

household kitchen and kitchenware coloured woodcut Strasbourg Germany 1516 from ""Kuechenmeisterei"" (Fine cooking),

Johann Daniel Mylius / 'Opus medico-chymicum', 1618. Author: MATTHAEUS the Eldest MERIAN.

A woodcut engraving depicting the distillation of sulphur by heating in spouted ceramic pots. Vapour condensed in a layered pot and liquid collected in a wooden tub. Dated 16th century

Illustration for 'The Labor of Mars' by Allain Manesson Mallet. Ground plan for a fortress, fort or reinforcement (pentagon). Below some drumsiders and a flautist in the army. In the top right of the number 26 (= the number of the page in the book to which the illustration is placed).

Illustration for 'The Labor of Mars' by Allain Manesson Mallet. Floor plan of part of a fortress, fortress or reinforcement with trenches. Below there is a trumpeter, a drumsid and a third figure on horseback. In the top left corner the number 39 (= the number of the page in the book to which the illustration is placed).

Copper engraving by Agostino Veneziano from 1510-1536 depicting carcasses, showing skeletal structures, animal forms, and anatomical observation.

A woodcut engraving depicting The Great Comet of 1456 (Halley's Comet): Pope Calixtus III excommunicated this comet. Dated 16th century

A tooth-drawer frightening his patient with a hot coal in order to be able to extract a tooth more easily. Etching by J. Collier after himself, 1773.

A. Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica

A man composed of pharmaceutical equipment, surrounded by medicinal plants. Engraving by N. de Larmessin II, 1695.

Personifications of nautical, geography, astronomy and math around a globe.

Dyeing skeins of silk. Engraving from Encyclopedie, Paris, 1851-1780.

Filling a firework rocket. The case or 'coffin' of paper is placed in a form and forced to a good fit with a couple of sharp blows with a mallet. It was then filled with the explosive charge using a funnel (G) to pour in measures (F), and rammed down firmly after each measure. From A Rich Cabinet, with Variety of Inventions by John White (London, 1658).

Twelfth Key of Basil Valentine, illustrating that Philosophers' Stone must be combined with gold to produce new gold, just as lion eats serpent to change it into its own substance. Engraving from Basil Valentine Von dem gross Stein Uhralten Strasbourg 1651.

astromomy, constellations, Northern Sky, copper engraving, ""Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia"" by Johannes Hevelius, Gdansk, 1690,

Candidus Furlongus .

Otto von Guericke's air pump. From 'Experimental Nova' by Otto von Guericke (Amsterdam, 1672). Engraving.

Engraving depicting the process of making Indian ink. This was made from a lampblack obtained by burning pine wood, lard and oil, and perfume. This mixture was made into paste and formed into small blocks.

Female anatomical figure, with view of internal organs

Copper engraving by Jan van der Straet depicting a clear specimen from the 'New Discovered' series, showing object details and scientific observation.

A woodcut engraving depicting an astronomy lesson: the figure in the centre is using an astrolabe. Dated 13th century

'Man flying a kite, symbolising the striving of the soul for its place in the ultimate higher sphere of the universe. From ''Utriusque cosmi ... historia'' , Oppenheim, 1617-1619, by Robert Fludd.'

Two Astronomers Observing the Firmament ca. 1545 Heinrich Vogtherr the elder (1490-1556 German) Woodcut print

Clock workshop in the sixteenth century, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

Copernicus astronomer, i.e. a conversation with God (Nicolaus Copernicus in Observatory in Frombork); Unknown, Matejko, Jan (1838-1893); after 1873 (1873-00-00-1876-00-00);

Formation of rainbow by dispersion and total internal reflection (top). Observing Newton's Rings (circular concentric interference fringes). From WJ Gravesande 'Physices Elementa Mathematica' London 1725, a 'popular' explanation of his friend Newton's 'Principia'. Copperplate engraving.

Equatorial Rings or Circles. Original engraving of. 1602. From Sciencia and Literature in Middle Ages by Paul Laroix, 1878.

Anatomical Les, Daniel Nikolaus Chodowiecki, 1791 print Berlin paper etching Utopia. dissection. anatomy lesson. (human) skeleton. other mammals

Woodblock print depicting the Great Comet of 384. Dated 16th Century

Blood transfusion, by injection Date: 1667

Portrait of Gemma Frisius, Jan van Stalburch, 1557 print Portrait of the scholar Gemma Frisius, who wrote about the basics of astronomy and cosmography. Frisius is in his study with bookcase, at a table with a globe and various astronomical instruments. He wears a paltr's lump and cloak and a bonnet on his head. Louvain paper engraving astronomical instruments. science and technology (+ portrait of scholar, scientist). scholar in his study

science museums description of ""Museum Wormianum"" Copenhagen title copper engraving printed by Elzevier Amsterdam 1655 private collection,

God about to create the universe from a large sphere which is suspended on a rope by two genii. Engraving by J. Muller after H. Goltzius.

Distilla device with two barrels, Jan Luyken, 1693 print Print at the top right marked: fol. 10. Amsterdam paper etching laboratory (+ tools, instruments; laboratory equipment ~ scientific research)

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