Historical Scientific Demonstrations

Images depicting historical demonstrations of electricity and candle-making in 18th and 19th century settings, showcasing participants and various equipment.

The Female School of Art, Queen-Square in London: the Life Class, 1868. View of '...a sitting of the living model in costume. This room, measuring 47 ft long by 26 ft. wide, is well lighted and thoroughly furnished with casts from the antique...Upwards of 120 students are on the books, and as many as 150 could be accommodated. The school is the only one devoted exclusively to female education in art, and deserves a visit from those interested in the advancement of art-education amongst women...The considerable number of works in the present Academy exhibition by female contributors, and the

Illustration showing Northampton shoe making: Top floor of a Middleman's factory. Middleman took work in from larger factories. This shows machinists (1) using Howe and Singer machines to sew uppers. little girls seated in the middle are knot-tiers, who picked out and knotted ends of machinists' thread with their hours of work set at 7am to 12 noon and lpm-6pm. Children to whom Factory Act applied were sent to school in batches. 1869

Illustration showing Electrical machine being demonstrated at the Polytechnic during the Christmas holidays. From The Illustrated London News, 1858

Scenes in a laundry. Manageress and female workers assisted by children. Wood engraving, 1884

The processes of candle-making in 18th century France. Date: circa 1760

An engraving depicting the making of chocolate creams at Fry's Chocolate factory, Bristol. Dated 19th century

Children's immunisation, historical engraving, 1869

Dispersing a Ladies' Land League meeting. The league was formed in 1881 by Anna Parnell and favoured reduced rents and resistance to the evictions. Date: 1881

Photo collection Government information service. Education, drawings, naudier. undated

The Female School of Art, Queen-Square in London: the Life Class, 1868. View of '...a sitting of the living model in costume. This room, measuring 47 ft long by 26 ft. wide, is well lighted and thoroughly furnished with casts from the antique...Upwards of 120 students are on the books, and as many as 150 could be accommodated. The school is the only one devoted exclusively to female education in art, and deserves a visit from those interested in the advancement of art-education amongst women...The considerable number of works in the present Academy exhibition by female contributors, and the

Engraving depicting young ladies taking an art class in the Elementary Room of an art school.

Humorous cartoon showing a small boy in church with his mother, pointing out the hymn numbers on the wall, and mistaking them for cricket scores. Bobbie ( a great cricketer): "I say Mummie, what topping scores." Date: 1928

The Lambeth ragged school for girls Date: 1846

Birthday of a school teacher, historical engraving, 1869

Illustration commenting on university education for women. Illustrated by George du Maurier (1834-1896) a Franco-British cartoonist and author. Dated 19th century

Engraving depicting clerks at the Railway Clearing House. This organisation was set up to make it possible for passengers and freight to be transported by a number of different railway companies for a single payment. The Railway Clearing House paid each company for the proportion of the journey to be made on its particular line. Dated 19th century

Reading the newspaper in the tavern. Colored engraving, 1876.

The "Magpie and Stump" debating society, Trinity College, Cambridge, England, historic image, 1883

Teaching girls to read in the Ragged School Union school, Lambeth, London, 1868. Artist: Unknown

Christmas in the children's ward, Queen's Hospital, Birmingham, England. Engraving, 1870.

The Village School, from "Illustrated London News". Artist: After Alfred Rankley (British, 1819-1872 London). Dimensions: Sheet: 7 1/4 × 9 1/8 in. (18.4 × 23.2 cm). Date: August 9, 1856.An elderly woman teaches children near an open hearth (an example of the "dame schools" that offered poor British children rudimentary education in the 19th century). Rankley's related painting was exhibited at the Royal Academy of Arts, London, in 1856 and this wood engraving appeared the same year in the "Illustrated London News.". Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

Four women and a man at work in a paper workshop in 18th century France. Date: Circa 1760

School of electrical telegraphy, Saint-Denis

In 1865 Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) was licensed to practice medicine as the first woman doctor. The Modern Professional Woman Role Reversal. George du Maurier cartoon for Punch 'Almanack for 1867'

"The Children Asylum", illustration from the yearbook "Modern Art in Master Woodcuts", 1900

Illustration depicting a scene with the Post Office telegraph headquarters in London. A boy is seen collecting a message. Dated 19th Century

Reading the newspaper in the tavern. Colored engraving, 1876.

Schoolmaster and pupils. A boy is showing his geometry exercise to the master. Frontispiece of George Fisher 'The Instructor: or, Young Man's Best Companion' London, c1820. Woodcut

Nursery Ward in an Orphanage in New York City, circa 1892

School, classroom, school class, the school of Arnold Staub's weaving mill in Kuchen, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany, Historic, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date unknown, Europe

Engraving depicting young boys learning chemistry.

Manufacture of sealing wax. Etching by B.L. Prévvost after L.J. Goussier.

Engraving depicting a mental arithmetic lesson.

Cuban exiles making cigars in New York using tobacco imported from Cuba. They are rolling cigars while a man hired by them is reading to them. Wood engraving from ''The Practical Magazine'', London, 1873.

Schoolmaster and pupils, c1820. Artist: George Fisher

BLIND GIRLS SINGING

Natural arithmetic lesson.

Illustration showing a sixteenth-century printing workshop, Antwerp, Belgium. Based on a plate by Stradanus

Teaching in the United States by the end of the 19th century, zoology laboratory school Oswego USA. Old 19th century engraved illustration from La Nature 1893

Bookseller showing titles to customers in a Regency bookshop. A customer looks at a leather binding at the counter, and a woman in a bonnet sits reading. Woodblock engraving from The Book of English Trades, or Library of Useful Arts, F.C.& J. Rivington, London, 1821.

The examination table by A. Tidemand, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1880.

'Porters; Industrious Classes in Constantinople', 1854. From "Cassell's Illustrated Family Paper; London Weekly 31 Dec 1853 to 30 Dec 1854".

Juniors , Students

A line of seated Eton schoolboys having their haircut on mass by a schoolmaster pushing a lawn mower. Robinson was a regular contributor to the Sketch, the Bystander and other ILN titles during his lifetime. His weekly drawings featuring mind-boggling contraptions and designs were immensely popular. 1910

Women students attend a lecture in the Anatomical Lecture Room at the Medical College for Women on East Twelfth Street and Second Avenue, New York, USA. After an illustration from an 1870 edition of

An engraving depicting the a kindergarten class in Dr William Strainer's home for deaf children, Pentonville Road, London. Dated 19th century

An engraving depicting a classroom in a girl's boarding school. Dated 19th century

I, um 1870, digital restaurierte Reproduktion Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, genaues Originaldatum nicht bekanntIn einer Schule in der Pußta...

The audience of pioneers for womens rights in Washington on th Jaunar , Page of the newspaper About the Land and Sea, th year , No, with the Xylography The audience of pioneers for womens rights in Washington on January th, Unknown

'A GIRLS' SCHOOL IN THE ABRUZZI MOUNTAINS,' BY BARFF TUCKER, IN THE LIVERPOOL ACADEMY EXHIBITION

Early 19th century schoolroom.

Lunchroom in Chicago, Illinois, USA, historical illustration, wood engraving, about 1888, North America

A man and two children in a study room. In a study room, a man shows two children glass jars. Maps hang on the wall.

In January 1871, Victoria Claflin Woodhull, 1838 - 1927, a delegate of the American suffrage movement presenting her argument for women's voting rights on the basis of the 14th and 15th constitutional

Illustration showing women postal workers in the Sorting Room at the General Post Office in St Mary-le-Grand, London. 1879.

Engraving depicting children having their lunch during school.

Job schoolmaster, vintage engraved illustration. Magasin Pittoresque 1845.

The noon recess , Classrooms, School recesses

The Cotton Famine: the sewing-class at the Manchester and Salford Provident Society's rooms, 1862. Unemployed Lancashire textiles workers. 'I visited one school or sewing-class of this kind at the Phoenix Mill, St. Jude's parish, where 160 women and girls above sixteen years of age received 2s. 6d. a week, the relief committee adding 1s. 2d., or at least so much as brought the sum total to 3s. 4d...The sewing-school here contains 152 young women, who read, write, and work by turns. The needles are employed for the most part on the new material; but the inmates are also allowed to mend their ow

At the school of cookery at the International Exhibition in South Kensington, London, Mr Buckmaster lectures from a pulpit while his assistants prepare the food. Date: 1873

An engraving depicting an inventor explaining his drawings to his son. Dated 19th century

Petitioners being interrogated by a phonograph in Reception before being admitted to the presence of an important person. Robida's idea of the world circa. 1953.

Student Society Minerva in Leiden, 1829-1830, Leendert Springer (I), After J. Fleuss, 1829 - 1830 print Meeting of students in the Student Society Minerva, at the Rapenburg in Leiden, academic year 1829-1830. Leiden paper fraternity (students) To lead. Rapenburg

House music with zither, woodcut circa 1871

Illustration depicting a Saturday night at a Free Library. These were set up throughout Britain after the passing of the Free Libraries Act of 1850. Dated 19th century

Photo collection Government information service. Supervision LO / School Commissen / District Schools. undated

Mr Samuel Mullen's circulating library, Collins Street, East; based on the plan of that in New Oxford Street in London, the source of so much inexpensive intellectual pleasure founded by Mr C. E. Mudie. Half the respectable families in Melbourne belong to Mr Mullen's list of regular subscribers and the 'Melbourne Mudies' is a busy scene on Saturday morning when book exchanges take place. Date: 19th January 1889

Illustration depicting the eating hall of a hospice, where the poor could find shelter and a hot meal. Dated 19th Century

Novizen in einer Klosterschule, Jungen sitzen um einen Tisch und lesen in Büchern, Deutschland, um 1880 / Novices in a monastery school, boys sitting around a table reading in books, Germany, around 1880, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digital restaurierte Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, genaues Originaldatum nicht bekannt,.

British Judge hearing a case Date: 1860

The school; De School. D. Wilkie p.. .

Shoemaking at the philanthropic society’s farm school at redhill on engraving from 1872 published in the Graphic.

Visitor being interrogated by a phonograph on the hall table before being received by the person she is visiting. Robida's idea of the way things would be circa 1953.

Miserable Plight', Separating husbands and wives and placing them in males and female wards in Workhouse, Illustration From Thomas Hood 'The Comic Magazine', London, 1832

A maths class in a dame school Date: 19th century

Old Sergeant teaches a group of boys, Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, 1834 print The sergeant urges the children to silence because he is about to explain the French grammar. Paris paper education. teacher and pupil. boy (child between toddler and youth)

'EARLY LESSONS,' BY V.W. BROMLEY, 1874

Plate 13 features pictures of children performing various activities. Date: 1880

Infant school, historical steel engraving from 1860

Engraving depicting a Sunday school class bored with a teacher with a badly prepared lesson.

The People's Kitchen for the Orphans of the Cholera Epidemic, 1892, Hamburg, Germany / Die Volksküche für die Waisen der, Cholera-Epidemie, 1892, Hamburg, Deutschland, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert,.

School class with girls and a teacher, 1868 - 1931 drawing In a room there is a teacher in front of the class. There are five girls around her. Two of the girls read something of a sheet of paper. In the background, six girls are in the school desks. On the wall there are paintings of a dog and donkey and a card. paper. India ink (ink). pencil pen elementary school; class, form. girl (child between toddler and youth). reading

Philipp Reis, a German school teacher, demonstrating his (musical) telephone. Dated 1861.

Illustration depicting a young maid taking notes for her employer. Dated 19th Century

London Board School, Denmark Terrace, Islington: Junior children writing on their slates after their free dinner. From The Graphic, London, 7 December 1889.

'The Schoolmaster of the Future', 1887. Artist: Joseph Swain

Illustration depicting a scene within the Metropolitan Police Orphanage. Dated 19th Century

Cultural state in the late 15th and early 16th century, school lessons, after a woodcut by Hans Burgmeier in the Weiss-Kunig, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date unknown

Illustration depicting the interior of a railway station staff room. Train conductors relax between their before their shifts by reading a newspaper. Dated 19th century

Workshop of wooden shoe carvers, historical illustration, circa 1886

Doctor Syntax visits an auction; Doctor Syntax at an auction. An auction room with a table with the auction holder, the buyers stand in the room or sit on tables. Against the walls bookcases and some images and paintings.

This late 19the-century illustration shows boys in New York City applying to the superintendent at the Water Street Mission for a night's lodging. In 1872 businessman Frederick Hatch bought the property in Lower Manhattan that became the Water Street Mission. He had met Jerry McAuley and put him in charge of this new venture - America's first Rescue Mission.

An engraving depicting the dining hall of Erdington Orphanage. Dated 19th century

AT WINCHESTER COLLEGE

Woodcut engraving depicting a 'Dame' school. Young girls read along with their teacher.

Photo collection Government information service. 1879 / Drawing. undated

The lecture room in the Great Court at Trinity College. Date: 1845

Giuseppe Mazzini, 19th Century, 1805-1872

The Cotton Famine: school for mill operatives at Mr. Stirling's mill, Lower Mosley-street, Manchester, 1862. Literacy classes for unemployed Lancashire textiles workers. 'While speaking of Hulme, I must mention the institute for men, supported by the Township Relief Committee. An old mill with three floors has been lent for the purpose, where about 400 men are congregated to read and write from nine to six o'clock five days a week, under proper teachers. Two meals a day are provided for them on the foundation floor, while on the two others, supplied with tables and educational requisites, they

School for the blind, home for the blind, blind workers weaving baskets and grinding scissors / Blindenschule, Blindenheim, blinde Arbeiter beim Korbflechten und Scherenschleifen, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digital restaurierte Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

'Japanese School; A European Sojourn in Japan', 1875. From, 'Illustrated Travels' by H.W. Bates. Cassell, Petter, and Galpin, c1880, London

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