Historical Scientific Figures

Engravings of notable historical figures in science, with a 19th-century style and classic attire, highlighting their contributions.

Claude Bourgelat (1712-1779) was a French veterinary surgeon. He was a founder of scientifically informed veterinary medicine, and he created one of the earliest schools for training professional veterinarians. France. Europe. Old 19th century engraved illustration from Portraits et histoire des hommes utile by Societe Montyon et Franklin 1837

Claude Bourgelat (1712-1779) was a French veterinary surgeon. He was a founder of scientifically informed veterinary medicine, and he created one of the earliest schools for training professional veterinarians. France. Europe. Old 19th century engraved illustration from Portraits et histoire des hommes utile by Societe Montyon et Franklin 1837

Pierre-Joseph Macquer (1711-1784) , French chemist.

Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, 7 September 1707 - 16 April 1788, French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopédiste / Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, 7. September 1707-16. April 1788, ein französischer Naturforscher im Zeitalter der Aufklärung, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

Portrait of Luigi Galvani (1737-1798), Italian physicist and anatomist, from L'Illustrazione Italiana, Year XXVI, No 23, June 4, 1899.

Fichte, vintage engraved illustration. History of France a 1885.

Jean-Sylvain Bailly, 15 September 1736, 12 November 1793, French astronomer and first mayor of Paris. Bailly became famous for calculating the orbit o...

VOLTA, Alessandro, Count (As 1745-Como, 1827) Italian physicist. Nineteenth-century engraving.

Claude Louis, Comte Berthollet (1748-1822) French chemist who assisted Lavoisier. Worked on dyes and chlorine for bleaching for the textile industry. Engraving from Les Merveilles de l'Industrie by Louis Figuier (Paris, c1870).

Johann Friedrich Böttger, Böttcher, Böttige, 4 February 1682 - 13 March 1719, a German alchemist / Johann Friedrich Böttge, 4. Februar 1682 -13. März 1719, deutscher Alchemist, Chemiker und Erfinder, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

Luigi Aloisio Galvani, 9 September 1737, 4 December 1798, was an Italian physician, anatomist and natural scientist, biophysicist. By chance, on 6 November 1780, he discovered galvanism, named after him, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

Thomas Young (1773-1829) English physicist and Egyptologist. Undulatory (wave) theory of light. Deciphering of Rosetta Stone. Engraving

Claude Louis, Comte Berthollet (1748-1822) French chemist who assisted Lavoisier. Worked on dyes and chlorine for bleaching for the textile industry. Engraving from 'Les Merveilles de l'Industrie' by Louis Figuier (Paris, c1870).

George-Louis Leclerc Buffon (1707-1778) French naturalist, author of 44 volume 'Histoire Naturelle'. He considered the earth to have been formed before 4004 BC. Engraving from 'A Popular History of Science' by Robert Routledge (London, 1881).

Sir Isaac Newton, January 4, 1643 - March 31, 1727, English naturalist and civil servant, philosopher / Sir Isaac Newton, 4. Januar 1643 - 31. März 1727, englischer Naturforscher und Verwaltungsbeamter, Philosoph, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert.

This 1870s illustration shows James Watt, the Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer. James Watt (1736-1819) was said to have discovered the power of steam when he placed his hand in front of kettle that held a very hot liquid. Watts improvements to the steam engine were key to the changes that came with the Industrial Revolution.

Carolus Linnaeus, 18th century Swedish botanist,physician and zoologist, (1812).Artist: J Chapman

Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (1737-1813) was a French pharmacist and agronomist, vocal promoter of the potato as a food source for humans in France and throughout Europe. First mandatory smallpox vaccination campaign under Napoleon beginning in 1805, when he was Inspector-General of the Health Service, pioneering the extraction of sugar from sugar beets. France. Europe. Old 19th century engraved illustration from Portraits et histoire des hommes utile by Societe Montyon et Franklin 1837

Thomas Young 1773-1829 English physicist and Egyptologist. Undulative wave theory of light. Decryption of the stone of Rosetta. Gravure, historically, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century template, Record Date Not Stated

Sir Isaac Newton, 4 January 1643, 31 March 1727, English naturalist and administrator, philosopher, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original

Francois Le Vaillant (1753-1824) French explorer, collector and ornithologist. He did not accept the new Linnaen nomenclature and it was left to others to assign binomial classification to the thousands of specimens he collected. From 'The Naturalist's Library' edited by William Jardine (Edinburgh and London 1839-1854). Engraving.

Albrecht Viktor Haller, from 1749 von Haller, 16 October 1708, 12 December 177, a Swiss physician, doctor and naturalist, Historical, digital reproduction of an original from the 19th century

GEORGE EDWARDS naturalist, member of the Royal Society Date: 1693 - 1773

Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu (born 12 April 1748 in Lyon, died 17 September 1836 in Paris) was a French botanist, colored woodcut from Crabbe's Historical Dictionary from 1825, Historical, digital reproduction.

Isaac Newton, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

'Benjamin Martin (1704-1782) English lexicographer, compiler of an English dictionary (1749), scientific instrument maker, and lecturer on science. Engraving c1815.'

John Couch Adams (1819-92) English astronomer and mathematician. Senior Wrangler, Cambridge 1843; calculated position of planet Neptune, 1845. Wood engraving published 1881.

'Hermann Boerhaave (1668-1738) Dutch physician, botanist, and humanist, conSidered to be the founder of clinical teaching. Engraving by Faustino Anderloni (1766-1847).'

Robert Fulton (1765 -1815) was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing the world's first commercially successful steamboat, the North River Steamboat, he produced Nautilus, the first practical submarine in history. Old 19th century engraved illustration from Portraits et histoire des hommes utile by Societe Montyon et Franklin 1837

Joseph Black (1728-1799) Scottish chemist, born in Bordeaux, France, son of a wine merchant. Professor of chemistry at Glasgow University. In 1757 he isolated carbon dioxide. Evolved the theory of latent heat. Engraving, 1881.

Alexandre Brongniart (1770-1847) French geologist and mineralogist. He introduced term Jurassic for Cotswold clays and limestones. Director of Sevres porcelain factory 1800-1847. Engraving from Les Merveilles de l'Industrie by Louis Figuier (Paris, c1870).

'Gaspard Monge, Come de Peluse (1746-1818), French mathematician and revolutionary. Invented descriptive geometrry and founded the Ecole Polytechnique.'

Louis Jacques Thénard, 4. Mai 1777 - 21. Juni 1857, war ein französischer Chemiker / Louis Jacques Thénard, May 4, 1777 - June 21, 1857, was a French chemist, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digital restaurierte Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, genaues Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

Nevil Maskelyne 1732-1811. British astronomer From the book 'Gallery of Portraits' published London 1833.

Johann Heinrich Cotta, 30 October 1763, 25 October 1844, was a German forestry scientist, Historical, digital reproduction of an original 19th-century document

Jean Antoine Mevolhon, deputy of the seneheating. François Voyez (1746-05). "Jean Antoine Mevolhon, Deputy of the Seneheating". Physionotrace.

Francois Le Vaillant (1753-1824) French researcher, collector and ornithologist. He did not accept the new Linnaean nomenclature and it was left to others to assign a binary classification to the thousands of specimens he collected. From The Naturalist's Library, edited by William Jardine (Edinburgh and London 1839-1854) . Copperplate engraving, Historic, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, Record date not stated

HERMAN BOERHAAVE (1668-1738) DUTCH DOCTOR AND BOTANIST. Location: BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL-COLECCION. MADRID. SPAIN. HERMANN BOERHAAVE.

Portrait of Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608-1679), Italian mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, physiologist, engraving.

John Brown (1735-88) Scottish physician, 1791. He proposed the Brunonian system of medicine which had two classes of disease 1: sthenic (resulting from excess) 2: asthenic (resulting from deficiency). Brown disapproved of blood-letting. Etching of 1791 by John Kay (1742-1826).

Gerard Troost (1776-11850), Dutch-born American geologist and natural philosopher. Professor of chemistry, geology and mineralogy at the University of Nashville (1828). One of the founders of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Engraving, 1896.

Nicolas Bion Nicolas Larmessin (1638-1694). Nicolas Bion (1651-1733), Astronomer and French Mathematician. Engraving.

Johann Kaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832), Phrenologist

Pieter von Musschenbroek (1692-1761), Dutch physicist.

Portrait of Luigi Galvani (1737-1798), Italian physiologist, physicist and anatomist, engraving.

Blaise Pascal (1623-62) French philosopher, mathematician, physicist and theologian. Stipple engraving 1821

Jean Baptiste Biot (1774-1862) French physicist and astronomer. In 1804, with Gay-Lussac, Biot made the first balloon ascent specifically for scientific purposes. Lithograph.

Albrecht Thaer, scientist and founder of the science of agricultural economics, 1752 - 1828, portrait, historic illustration, 1880

Thomas Savery (c. 16501715) was an English inventor and engineer, born at Shilstone, a manor house near Modbury, Devon, England. He is famous for his invention of the first commercially used steam powered engine

MANASSEH CUTLER American botanist Date: 1742 - 1823

'Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851), Danish physcist and chemist who observed movement of a compass needle when current from an electricity switched on and off, so discovering electromagnetism.'

Laplace, Pierre Simon de (1749-1827). French mathematician, physicist and astronomer. Colored engraving.

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

Robert Short, who had a bladder-stone removed which was eight inches in circumference. Engraving.

Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni (1756-1827) German physicist. 19th century. c1895. Pioneer of acoustics who developed the technique where sand vibrated on a metal plate forms regular symmetrical patterns (Chladni's figures). Engraving.

Henry Schultz. / Medicine and EmbRyuleuleuleus. / Death of the year. 81. Ultrajecti. 1739.

Joseph Black (1728-99) Scottish chemist. Theory of 'latent heat'. Black lecturing at Glasgow in 1787. Etching by John Kay

Leo XII, vintage engraved illustration. History of France a 1885.

Lewis David von Schweinitz 1834, American Moravian pastor, botanist and mycologist, born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania., Historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated

Georges Cuvier (1769-1832), French naturalist. Engraving, 1873.

Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling, 1740 - 1817, eye doctor and scientist, portrait, historical illustration, 1880

Thomas Burnet (1635-1715) English theologian and writer on cosmogony, born at Croft near Darlington, County Durham, England. His ideas on the formation and structure of the earth were speculative and unscientific. Engraving from 'Histoire des Philosophes Modernes' by Alexandre Saverien (Paris, 1762).

George Stephenson (9 June 1781 - 12 August 1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer. Renowned as the "Father of Railways", Stephenson's chosen rail gauge, sometimes called "Stephenson gauge", was the basis for the 4 feet 8+1/2 inches (1.435 m) standard gauge used by most of the world's railways

Antoine-François Comte de Fourcroy (1755-1809), Chemist and Status Man

Marie Francois Xavier Bichat 1771 to 1802 French anatomist and physiologist Engraved by H Cook after Vigneron From the book The National Portrait Gallery Volume III published c1820

BOYLE, Robert (1627-1691). English scientist. Portrait of Boyle in an edition of 'Nova experimenta physico-mechanica de VI aeris elastica et eiusdem effectibus'. Geneva (1677). Etching. SPAIN. CATALONIA. Barcelona. Barcelona University Library.

Leopold Gmelin 1788-1853, German physiologist and chemist. Professor of chemistry and medicine at the University of Heidelberg 1817-1852. From James Sheridan Muspratt Chemistry London, approx. 1860. Copper engraving., Historically, digitally restored reproduction of a template from the 19th century, Record Date Not Stated

FRANCOIS JOSEPH HUNAULD French anatomist, professor and demonstrator of anatomy at the Jardin du Roi. Date: 1701 - 1742

Faure, Charles Starts: Mellan, Clauded Scarcation: 1644/1688

Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist, demonstrating his electric pile (battery), c1800 (c1870). Artist: Unknown

EDMUND HALLEY Astronomer Date: 1656 - 1742

Copernicus Copernicus Mikolaj Kopernik Conquy, Ephraiim (1809 1843), Durupt, Charles Barthélemy Jean (1804 1838)

Franz Joseph Gall (1758 - 1828), German neuroanatomist and physiologist

Jons Jacob Berezelius (1779-1848), Swedish scientist & chemist, c1890. Berzelius introduced modern chemical symbols and he discovered the elements selenium, thorium and cerium. He accurately determined atomic weights.

William Cumberland Cruikshank, 1745 - 1800, British physician and anatomist.

Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) Italian physicist, demonstrating his electric pile (battery). Wood engraving, Paris, c1870.

Evangelista Torricell, 15 October 1608, 25 October 1647, Italian physicist and mathematician, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original

Portrait of the chemist Jean-Antoine Chapstal, Julien-Léopold Boilly, 1821 print Paris paper historical persons

Maria Gaetana Agnesi (16 May 1718 - 9 January 1799) was an Italian mathematician, philosopher, theologian, and humanitarian. She was the first woman to write a mathematics handbook and the first woman appointed as a mathematics professor at a university. The most valuable result of her labours was the Instituzioni analitiche ad uso della gioventu italiana, (Analytical Institutions for the Use of Italian Youth) which was published in Milan in 1748. The goal of this work was, according to Agnesi herself, to give a systematic illustration of the different results and theorems of infinitesimal calculus.

Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel, 1738 - 1822, astronomer, portrait, historical illustration, 1880

Pierre Simon Laplace (1749-1827), French mathematician and astronomer. 1833. His five volume 'Mecanique celeste' 1799-1825 was the greatest work on celestial mechanics since Newton's 'Principia'. From 'The Gallery of Portraits', Vol. II, by Charles Knigght (London, 1833).

David Rittenhouse (1732-1796), American astronomer and inventor. He introduced spider's web as cross-hairs in telescopes and measuring instruments. He discovered the atmosphere of the planet Venus. Engraving 1896. ,

Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, 13 February 1743 - 19 June 1820, English naturalist, botanist, and patron of the natural sciences / Sir Joseph Banks, 1. Baronet, 13. Februar 1743 - 19. Juni 1820, englischer Naturforscher, insbesondere Botaniker, der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts James Cook auf seiner ersten Reise und Weltumsegelung (1768-1771) begleitete und zahlreiche naturwissenschaftliche Entdeckungen machte, Historisch, historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert,.

Romagnosis, Gian Domenico.

Abraham Gottlob Werner, 25. September 1749 bis 30. Juni 1817, deutscher Mineraloge, digital restaurierte Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19...

Johann Elert Bode, 1747 - 1826, astronomer, portrait, historical illustration, 1880

Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831), American scientist, physician and politician. In 1795 he described the anaesthetic properties of nitrous oxide (Laughing Gas), five years earlier than Humphry Davy. Engraving, 1896.

Portrait of the chemist Claude-Louis Berthollet, Julien-Léopold Boilly, 1820 print Paris paper historical persons

William Smith 1769-1839, English geologist and founder of stratigraphic geology. He gained his knowledge of geological layers during his work as a channel vermet. From Life of Sir Roderick I. Murchison by Archibald Geikie London, 1875. Gravure, historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century template, Record Date Not Stated

Aelius Everhardus Vorstius. Coloured lithograph.

Friedrich Wohler (1800-1882), German organic chemist. Isolated aluminium (1827), synthesised urea (1828), discovered beryllium (1828) and obtained acetylene from calcium carbide. From James Sheridan Muspratt Chemistry (London, ca. 1860) . Copperplate engraving, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, record date not stated

Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt was a Prussian geographer, naturalist, and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767-1835). Humboldt's quantitative work on botanical geography laid the foundation for the field of biogeography. Between 1799 and 1804, Humboldt travelled extensively in Latin America, exploring and describing it for the first time from a modern scientific point of view. His description of the journey was written up and published in an enormous set of volumes over 21 years. He was one of the first to propose that the lands bordering the Atlantic Ocean were once joined (South America and Africa in particular). Later, his five-volume work, Kosmos (1845), attempted to unify the various branches of scientific knowledge. Humboldt supported and worked with other scientists, including Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac, Justus von Liebig, Louis Agassiz, Matthew Fontaine Maury, Georg von Neumayer, and most

. Portrait of the physicist and astronomer Galileo Galilei.

Jons Jacob Berzelius, vintage engraved illustration. From the Universe and Humanity, 1910.

Franz Joseph Gall (1758 - 1828), German neuroanatomist and physiologist

F. GOSSEC QUENEDEY. F. GOSSEC. Physionotrace, 1796-1799.

Historical illustration from the 19th Century, portrait of Ernst Heinrich Weber, 1795 - 1878, a German physiologist and anatomist

Martín Martinez, Professor of Medicine and Anatomy at Madrid. Engraving by J.B. Palomino after Valerio de Iriarte.

Rene Antoine Ferchault de Reaumur (1683-1757) on engraving from 1859. French scientist who contributed to many different fields, especially the study of insects. Engraved by unknown artist and published in Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, Germany,1859.

Portrait of the astronomer Godefridus Wendelinus, Hendrik Causé, in or after 1667 - 1699 print Southern Netherlands paper engraving

P.J. Barthez / Pigueron., ca. 1800 , Head-and-shoulders portrait of scientist P.J. Barthez, whose locomotion studies served as a precursor to the study of aerodynamics.

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