Mars Craters and Geological Features

Images of Mars highlighting craters and terrain features, showcasing a mix of color variations and geological structures.

Seasonal Frost in Terra Sirenum

These images from NASA's Dawn spacecraft show Marcia crater, after which Marcia quadrangle is named. Marcia crater is the largest and southernmost of the three Vestan craters nicknamed the 'Snowman.'

This image is a mosaic of day and night infrared images of Melas Chasma taken by NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft. The daytime temperatures range from approximately -35 degrees Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit) to -5 degrees Celsius (23 degrees Fahrenheit).

Draft figures v 8 March

A Compositional Map of the Tyre Region of Europa

Cumulative driving by NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity surpassed marathon distance on March 24, 2015, as the rover neared a destination called 'Marathon Valley,' which is middle ground of this stereo view from early March.

As super Typhoon Bilis, equal in strength to a category 5 hurricane, bore down on Taiwan, these images from August 21, 2000, show the massive storm's most devastating components: rain and wind.

This image combines two separate views of the giant asteroid Vesta obtained by NASA's Dawn spacecraft. The fresh impact craters in this view are located in the south polar region, which has been partly covered by landslides from the adjacent crater.

Tiny Grains on Iapetus

These images from NASA's Dawn spacecraft show part of the ejecta blanket from Vesta's 'Snowman' craters in the northern hemisphere. The ejecta blanket fills the whole image and is identified by its hummocky yet smooth texture.

Seasonal Frost in Terra Sirenum

This topographic map acquired by NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) from data collected on February 16, 2000 vividly displays California's famous San Andreas Fault along the southwestern edge of the Mojave Desert, Calif.

This mosaic, made from radar images obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, shows parallel mountain chains on Saturn's moon Titan, near an equatorial region known as Adiri.

Filamentary structures in our Milky Way galaxy are apparent at large scales, as shown in this ESA image from Planck image, on the right, and small scales as seen the Herschel image on the left.

This map shows the gravity field of the moon from the Lunar Prospector mission. The viewing perspective, known as a Mercator projection, shows the far side of the moon in the center and the nearside (as viewed from Earth) at either side.

This topographical map of Ceres, made with images from NASA's Dawn spacecraft, shows all of the dwarf planet's named features as of September 2016. Dawn celebrated nine years since launch on September 27, 2016.

A NASA radar instrument has been successfully used to measure some of the fastest moving and most inaccessible glaciers in the world.

This 3-D cylindrical-perspective mosaic was created from navigation camera images that NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit captured on on sol 115. 3D glasses are necessary to view this image.

This still from an animation, made using images taken by NASA's Dawn spacecraft, features a color-coded topographic map of Occator crater on Ceres.

Radargram of Mars' North Polar Layered Deposits with Topographic Map

This perspective view of Venus, generated by computer from NASA's Magellan data and color-coded with emissivity, shows the boundary between the lowland plains and characteristic Venusian highland terrain in Ovda Regio.

These mountains are in a region called Sisyphi Montes. The base image from NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey shows a portion of the region about 130 miles. Red outlines indicate possible subglacial volcanic structures. MRO's CRISM data are at upper right.

This graphic of Jupiter's moon Europa maps a relationship between the amount of energy deposited onto the moon from charged-particle bombardment and chemical contents of ice deposits.

This satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar image using COSMO-SkyMed radar data, depicts the relative deformation of Earth's surface at Kilauea between Feb. 11, 2011 and March 7, 2011 (two days following the start of the current eruption).

Sippar Sulcus, Ganymede

Bright Highlands and Dark Plains

Tracing Surface Features on Titan--Close-Ups

Three Dimensional View of Double Ridges on Europa

Tilted Craters in Caloris

Topographic detail is seen in a stereoscopic view of this part of Jupiter's moon Ganymede. This image is a computer reconstruction from two images taken by NASA's Galileo spacecraft in 1996.

Three dimensional Visualization of Jupiter's Equatorial Region

Processed data from the Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) spectrometer aboard NASA's Juno mission is superimposed on a mosaic of optical images from the agency's Galileo and Voyager spacecraft that shows grooved terrain on Jupiter's moon Ganymede. This composite image covers a portion of Phrygia Suclus, northeast of Nanshe Catena, on Ganymede. The data was taken by Juno during its June 7, 2021, flyby of the icy moon. The JIRAM data is represented by the colored line running from the upper left to lower right in the graphic. The line depicts an increase in intensity of the spectral signature of a non-ice compound, possibly ammonium chloride, in the groove at the lower right of the image. JIRAM sees infrared light not visible to the human eye. It measures heat radiated from the planet at an infrared wavelengths.

This topographic radar image acquired by NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in Feb. 2000 shows the relationships of the dense urban development of Los Angeles, Calif. and the natural contours of the land.

NASA's Galileo spacecraft imaged most of Europa, including the north polar regions, at high spectral resolution during the G1 encounter on June 28, 1996.

Temperature Map, Bonneville

'Endurance Crater' Overview

CRISM's Global Mapping of Mars, Part 2

Budapest, Hungary, Perspective View, SRTM Elevation Model with Landsat Overlay

Jet Spots in Tiger Stripes

This scanning electron micrograph (SEM) depicts a number of rod-shaped Escherichia coli bacterium, some of which have formed colonial groupings, while others have remained isolated as single cells, Magnification 3607x. Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium that normally colonizes the digestive tract of most warm-blooded animals, including human beings. E. coli are facultative in nature, which means that they can adapt to their environments, switching between aerobic, and anaerobic metabolic growth depending environmental stresses. One strain of E. coli, O157:H7, causes an estimated 73,000 cases of infection, and 61 deaths in the United States each year. Infection often leads to bloody diarrhea, and occasionally to kidney failure. Most has been associated with eating undercooked illness, contaminated ground beef. Person-to-person contact in families and child care centers is also an important mode of transmission. Infection can also occur after drinking raw milk and after swimmi

NASA's New Horizons spacecraft detected water ice on Pluto's surface, picking up on the ice's near-infrared spectral characteristics in regions informally called Viking Terra, along Virgil Fossa west of Elliot crater, and in Baré Montes.

The images used for the base of this globe show the northern and southern hemispheres of Venus as revealed by more than a decade of radar investigations culminating in the 1990-1994 NASA Magellan mission.

Dodo-Goldilocks Trench Elevation Map

Migrating Volcanic Plumes on Io

Oudemans Crater

Phyllosilicate and Olivine around a Fracture in Nili Fossae

This rainbow-colored map shows underground water ice on Mars. Cool colors represent less than one foot (30 centimeters) below the surface; warm colors are over two feet (60 centimeters) deep. Sprawling black zones on the map represent areas where a landing spacecraft would sink into fine dust. The outlined box represents the ideal region to send astronauts for them to be able to dig up water ice. The map was created by combining data from multiple NASA orbiters, including the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and its Mars Climate Sounder instrument; Mars Odyssey and its Thermal Emission Imaging System; and the Mars Global Surveyor.

Mars '98 Polar landing site

Reconstructing the Past on Enceladus

After a 19 month rainfall deficiency, heavy rainfall during January 2004 brought drought relief to much of northern Queensland; these images were acquired by NASA's Terra spacecraft.

Radar Images Titan's South Pole

Mars Polar Lander Landing Zone Compared With JPL

Mono- & Polyhydrated Sulfates in Aureum Chaos

Italy's Mount Etna is the focus of this perspective from NASA's Terra spacecraft. The city of Catania is barely visible behind Etna on the bay at the upper left. Mt. Etna erupted in

In this series of images from NASA's Cassini spacecraft, a dark, rectangular hot spot interacts with a line of vortices that approaches from on the upper-right side. The interaction distorts the shape of the hot spot, leaving it diminished.

This is a terrain model of Phoenix's Robotic Arm workspace. It has been color coded by depth with a lander model for context. The model has been derived using images from the depth perception feature from Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager (SSI).

The True Shape of Phoebe

The Minerals of Candor Chasma

This image layout depicts changes in the surface of comet Tempel 1, observed first by NASA's Deep Impact Mission in 2005 (top right) and again by NASA's Stardust-NExT mission on Feb. 14, 2011 (bottom right).

Optical Coherence Topography (OCT) image, showing a macular map. On this image, the left eye to prevent glaucoma.

Global mosaics of Pluto and Charon projected at 300 meters (985 feet) per pixel that have been assembled from most of the highest resolution images obtained by the Long-Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) and the Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC) onboard New Horizons. Transparent, colorized stereo topography data generated for the encounter hemispheres of Pluto and Charon have been overlain on the mosaics. Terrain south of about 30°S on Pluto and Charon was in darkness leading up to and during the flyby, so is shown in black. S and T respectively indicate Sputnik Planitia and Tartarus Dorsa on Pluto, and C indicates Caleuche Chasma on Charon. All feature names on Pluto and Charon are informal.

Lisa Freed and Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, both of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), have taken the first steps toward engineering heart muscle tissue that could one day be used to patch damaged human hearts. Cells isolated from very young animals are attached to a three-dimensional polymer scaffold, then placed in a NASA bioreactor. The cells do not divide, but after about a week start to cornect to form a functional piece of tissue. Here, a transmission electron micrograph of engineered tissue shows a number of important landmarks present in functional heart tissue (A) well-organized myofilaments (Mfl), z-lines (Z), and abundant glycogen granules (Gly); and (D) intercalcated disc (ID) and desmosomes (DES). The NASA Bioreactor provides a low turbulence culture environment which promotes the formation of large, three-dimensional cell clusters. The Bioreactor is rotated to provide gentle mixing of fresh and spent nutrient without inducing shear forces that would damage the

Optical Coherence Topography (OCT) image, showing a macular map. On this image, the left eye to prevent glaucoma.

These four images of the Long Valley region of east-central California illustrate the steps required to produced three dimensional data and topographics maps from radar interferometry.

Optical Coherence Topography (OCT) image, showing a macular map. On this image, the left eye to prevent glaucoma.

Airborne NASA Radar Maps Mauna Loa Lava Changes in Hawaii. The world's largest active volcano - Hawaii's Mauna Loa - had been quiet for 38 years. But in 2022, the volcano began to stir, showing increased numbers of small earthquakes and subtle swelling of certain land surfaces in September. On November 27, fountains of lava began spurting from the mountain's Northeast Rift Zone and streams of molten rock flowed to the north. Ten days into the eruption, a NASA aircraft conducted its first flight over the erupting volcano. It carried NASA's Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) system, which was used to map the volcano's topography in fine detail with a Ka-band instrument called GLISTIN-A. Teams from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) used data from that sensor to map the thickness of those flows during a series of flights on December 7, 8, and 10. The map above shows the thickness of the lava flows during the flight on

This atlas of Ceres was created using images taken by NASA's Dawn spacecraft in June 2015. Researchers used 12,000 points on Ceres to construct a terrain model, which served as the basis for other maps.

This multi-frequency space radar image of a tropical rainforest in western Brazil shows rapidly changing land use patterns and it also demonstrates the capability of the different radar frequencies to detect and penetrate heavy rainstorms.

Radar Shows Titan Live and in Color

This depiction of an area south of San Martin de Los Andes, Argentina, is the first Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)view of the Andes Mountains, the tallest mountain chain in the western hemisphere.

Thera and Thrace on Europa

These images are located in Vesta's Rheasilvia quadrangle, near asteroid Vesta's south pole. NASA's Dawn spacecraft obtained the apparent brightness image with its framing camera on Oct. 22, 2011.

This map of Saturn's moon Titan by the Cassini radar mapper using its synthetic aperture radar imaging mode. Shown are a variety of geologic features, including impact craters, wind-blown deposits, channels and cryovolcanic features

This image from NASA's Dawn mission shows a 3-D, colorized rendering of Oppia Crater near the equator of the giant asteroid Vesta. Oppia is about 21 miles (34 kilometers) across.

Seeing in the Dark

This perspective view of Venus, generated by computer from NASA's Magellan data and color-coded with emissivity, shows the boundary between the lowland plains and characteristic Venusian highland terrain in Ovda Region.

South Polar Magnetic Anomaly Map (MAG/ER)

New and older lava flows clustered in the Tvashtar region of Jupiter's moon Io appeared as hot spots in a temperature map from NASA's Galileo spacecraft in 1999.

This simulated 3-D flyby animation over Typhoon Usagi on Sept. 22 at 0923 UT showed heavy rain south of the center a rate of over 169mm/~6.7 inches per hour along China's coast. Cloud heights of some thunderstorms were reaching only about 12 km /7.4 miles.

Scientists are simulating how the very first stars in our universe were born. The stars we see today formed out of collapsing clouds of gas and dust. In the very early universe, however, the stars had fewer ingredients available.

The Iapetus Atlas

This perspective view, acquired by NASA's Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR), shows the effects of the June 15, 1991, eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.

Weather Hurricane On Radar And Satellite Weather Hurricane On Radar And Satellite

This satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar image-pair shows relative deformation of the Earth's surface when nn April 22-23, 2015, significant explosive eruptions occurred at Calbuco volcano, Chile.

'Mazatzal's' Many Coats

Hot Spots on Io

A view of Earth's moon looking south across Oceanus Procellarum, representing how the western border structures may have looked while active. This image combines gravity gradient from NASA's GRAIL and LRO.

Titan Volcano

Clay at Nili Fossae

These are two views of the same observation of the Martian moon Phobos taken in both infrared and visible light by NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter using its infrared camera, Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). The image was taken on April 24, 2019. The top view is what Phobos looked like in the visible light spectrum, as viewed by THEMIS. The bottom view is what it looks like in infrared, which reveals temperature differences. The warmest temperatures are in the center, and the coolest are on the outer edge. A scale bar is provided to reflect the temperatures, which range from 200 to 300 degrees Kelvin, or -100 degrees Fahrenheit (-73 Celsius) to 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 Celsius).

Depth-to-Ice Map of a Southern Mars Site Near Melea Planum

NASA's Cassini spacecraft obtained this image of a feature shaped like a hot cross bun in the northern region of Titan (left) that bears a striking resemblance to a similar feature on Venus (right).

MGS Views of Labyrinthus Noctis

This pair of images shows a before-and-after comparison of the area on comet Tempel 1 targeted by an impactor from NASA's Deep Impact spacecraft in July 2005.

This 3-D stereo view from NASA's Curiosity Mars rover shows a 360-degree panorama around the location where the rover spent its 1,000th Martian day, or sol, on Mars. The site is a valley just below 'Marias Pass' on lower Mount Sharp.

The top picture is a shaded relief image of the northwest corner of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula generated from NASA's Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, and shows a subtle, but unmistakable, indication of the Chicxulub impact crater.

Historic Merger of Storms on Jupiter

The Mimas Atlas

SCI2016_0006: Map of Cepheus E emphasizing the jets of material flowing to the upper left and lower right from the protostar. The protostar itself is the central yellow-red 'blob" in the colored background map of hydrogen emission made at a wavelength of 4.5 microns by the Spitzer infrared space telescope. The contour curves show the strength of emission from cool carbon monoxide gas measured by the Plateau de Bure radio telescope located in the French Alps. Lefloch et al. used GREAT on SOFIA to measure the amount and velocity of hot carbon monoxide gas at multiple positions along both "wings" of the outflow jet.

These two maps of the giant asteroid Vesta show patterns of brightness from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (top) and NASA's Dawn spacecraft (bottom). Hubble's view is from an orbit around Earth. Dawn went into orbit around Vesta from 2011 to 2012.

In this image from NASA's Aqua satellite, the red areas seen by the MODIS instrument revealed that live fuel moisture had excessively dried up by more than 50 percent prior to the Rim Fire in August 2013.

of 3