Medieval Life and Practices

Woodcuts illustrating aspects of 16th-century life, including bloodletting and bathing, showcasing daily activities and health practices in historical contexts.

Family bathing in 16th century Germany, including the process of cupping Date: 16th century

Maximilian I (22 March 1459 - 12 January 1519), the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans (also known as King of the Germans) from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1508 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky. He had ruled jointly with his father for the last ten years of his father's reign, from c. 1483. He expanded the influence of the House of Habsburg through war and his marriage in 1477 to Mary of Burgundy, the heiress to the Duchy of Burgundy, but he also lost the Austrian territories in today's Switzerland to the Swiss Confederacy.

Les Quinze joies de mariage (The 15 Joys of Marriage) is an anonymous late 14th or early 15th century French satire in prose which presents a picture, full of sharpness and humour, of the rows and deceits which afflict the married state

Netherlands, Master of the Virgo inter Virgines, Master of the Delbecq-Schreiber Passion, Master of Delft, Meal at the Pharisees, Two scenes in a room. Christ at table with two Pharisees and Christ and two men with a basin of water., print, book illustration, prints, height 98 mm, width 142 mm, Northern Netherlands, unknown, 1480 - 1500, fourth quarter 15th century, first quarter 16th century, paper, woodcut, Southern Netherlands

Bloodletting, 16th Century

Family bathing in 16th century Germany, including the process of cupping Date: 16th century

Samson and Delilah, From the Knight of the Turn, Switzerland, 1493, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, original d...

Two men fight for power, wrestling for the crown which has been taken from the King's head. Date: 1553

Medieval depiction of Norwegian miners, with axes and hammers Date: 1540

Revelation of St. John: Martyrdom of St. John, 1511. Albrecht Dürer (German, 1471-1528). Woodcut;

This 1516 woodcut by Meister IS depicts the parable of the Schalksknecht, created using verso type pressure printing.

Netherlands, Master of the Virgo inter Virgines, Master of the Delbecq-Schreiber Passion, Master of Delft, The Raising of the Cross, Printed from three blocks. Christ on the cross. Cross being raised by four men. Architectural ornamentation to the left and right of the representation., print, engraving, book illustration, prints, engravings, height 107 mm, width 145 mm, Northern Netherlands, unknown, 1480 - 1500, fourth quarter 15th century, first quarter 16th century, paper, woodcut, Southern Netherlands

GRABADO DE LANCELOT COMBATIENDO CON EL DRAGON.

Lecture of a university teacher in Lower Germany / Vorlesung eines Universitätslehrers in Niederdeutschland, 1490, historisch, C:CC5historical, digital improved reproduction of an original from the 19th century / digitale Reproduktion einer Originalvorlage aus dem 19. Jahrhundert, Originaldatum nicht bekannt.

David und Bathseba, Illustration aus einem franzoesischen Gebetbuch, digital verbesserte Reproduktion aus einer Publikation aus dem Jahr 1880, David and Bathseba, Illustration from a french prayer book, digital improved reproduction from a publication of the year 1880

De dood van Ananias, Master of Delft (attributed to), 1503 print Ananias with hands raised up dies, his wife kneels next to him. Behind it, four men wear a coffin. Peter and another apostle are sideways. Low Countries paper Ananias, rebuked by Peter, falls down and dies between his gifts

Middle Ages society feudalism compulsory labour worker and inspector on a soccage woodcut Speyer Germany 1493,

Scene from Eunuchus, The Eunuch, a comedy written by the Roman playwright Terence, 1496, woodcut, England

Netherlands, Master of the Virgo inter Virgines, Master of the Delbecq-Schreiber Passion, Master of Delft, The Death of Ananias, Ananias dies with raised hands, his wife kneels beside him. Behind them four men carry a coffin. Peter and another apostle stand to the side., print, engraving, book illustration, prints, engravings, height 98 mm, width 142 mm, Northern Netherlands, unknown, 1480 - 1500, fourth quarter 15th century, first quarter 16th century, paper, woodcut, Southern Netherlands

calendar, month of March, allegory of the Roman god Mars, woodcut, ""Eyn nygge Kalender"", printed by Steffen Arndes, Luebeck, 1519,

Woodcut by Hans Holbein the Younger depicting a portrait of a duchess, created around 1525-1540.

Refining copper: removing cakes of copper from the crucible and quenching in a tub of water. From Agricola 'De re metallica', Basle, 1556. Woodcut

Copper engraving by Monogrammist AG, late 15th century, depicting the scourge scene with human figures, gestures, and detailed composition.

Sebastian Brant, Ship of Fools, Ship of Peter, Miner of Olpe, 1494, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original

Ecce Homo, from The Passion 1492-1553 Germany. Woodcut in black on cream laid paper . Lucas Cranach, the Elder

Ball at the Munich Court under Duke Albrecht IV around 1500, facsimile of engraving by Matthaeus Zasinger, Germany, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact original date not known, Europe

medicine textbooks herbal ""Destillierbuch"" by Hieronymus Brunschwig Strassburg 1505 crowing collecting and distillating herbs woodcut private collection,

A 1496 woodcut by Johann Reger showing the address of the Rhodes vicecancellarius to the chief pontiff, highlighting ceremonial and official setting.

Agostino NIFO known as Augustinius NIPHUS, c.1473-1538, Italian Renaissance philosopher and scholar, on the false prediction of flooding for 1524 when there would be a conjunction of all the planets under Pisces, woodcut, Bologna, 1520

Apotheosis of Aeneas, at the end of Mapheus Vegius "Aeneidos liber xiii", added to Virgil's "Aeneid".

'Dance by Torchlight, Augsburg', 1516, (1936). Artist: Albrecht Dürer

St. James the Greater, painting by Lucas Cranach the Elder, 4 October 1472, 16 October 1553, one of the most important German painters, graphic artists and letterpress printers of the Renaissance, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a historical original

Title page of a music book, 1517.A woman supervises an ensemble of musicians. Date: 1517.

Lessons in ornithology, from Hortus Sanitatis, 1491, Hortus sanitatis or Ortus sanitatis is the name given to a Latin herbal book first printed in Jun...

Albrecht Dürer, Death and the Lansquenet, 1510 Death and the Lansquenet

December, baking, showing Capricorn and Sagittarius, shepherds' calendar, engraving, late-15th century, France

Woodcut, The Judge, Hans Holbein the Younger, Dance of Death, 1538

ROJAS, Fernando de (1465-1541). Spanis writer, author of 'La Celestina'. Representation of Pàrmeno, Calisto and Celestina, three of the main characters of 'La Celestina'. Xylography.

The trades. The armourer. Facsimile after a drawing and engraving by Jost Amman in the 16th century. "Moeurs, usages et costumes au moyen-âge et à l'époque de la Renaissance", by Paul Lacroix. Paris, 1878.

The so-called Albertina Passion, Flagellation, woodcut by Albrecht Durer, historical, digital improved reproduction of an old woodcut..

The Trojan Horse. The Greeks mount the wooden horse at the siege of Troy, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, orig...

The Death of the Miser. Dimensions: overall: 15.5 x 5.1 cm (6 1/8 x 2 in.). Medium: pen and brown ink. Museum: National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. Author: William Henry Brooke after Hieronymus Bosch.

The Judge from Dance of Death (Lyons), 1538, 1523-1526, Hans Holbein the Younger, German, 1497-1543, 2 5/8 x 1 15/16 in. (6.67 x 4.92 cm) (image), Woodcut, Germany, 16th century, Hans Holbein's Dance of Death is the most famous treatment of the subject in Renaissance art. His series of 50 miniature woodcuts show Death's affinity for all stations in life, royal and religious officials not excepted. Holbein's highly animated images remained unpublished for 15 years. Perhaps they were considered too inflammatory during the 1520s, a period of class warfare when even peasants rejected the notion of the divine right of kings.

'Witch raising a storm which is wrecking a ship and drowning sailors. Woodcut from ''Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus'', Antwerp, 1562, by Olaus Magnus.'

'Noah supervising the building the Ark. Illustration of the episode described in the chapters 6-9 in the Genesis in the Bible. Woodcut form Hartmann Schedel ''Liber chronicarum mundi'', Nurember, 1493.'

An apothecary publically preparing the drug theriac, under the supervision of a physician. Woodcut.

The Martyrdom of St. Catherine, woodcut by Albrecht Duerer, historical, digitally enhanced reproduction of an old woodcut

Sebastian Brant, Ship of Fools, Ship of Peter, Miner of Olpe, 1494, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original

Christ Shown to the People. Artist: Adapted from a woodcut by Albrecht Dürer (German, Nuremberg 1471-1528 Nuremberg). Culture: Flemish, probably Brussels. Designer: After a painting by Quentin Metsys (Netherlandish, Leuven 1466-1530 Kiel). Dimensions: H. 61 x W. 51 inches (154.9 x 129.5 cm). Date: ca. 1515-20. Museum: Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA.

William Tyndale, being burnt at the stake in Belgium, cries Lord, open the king of Englands eyes.

Diego de San Pedro (1437-1498). Castilian writer. The Prison of Love. Catalan translation, 15 century. Illustration.

Albrecht DURER (1471-1528). "Christ and Marie-Madeleine". (B 47). Engraving, 16th century. Museum of Fine Arts of the City of Paris, Petit Palais. 55030-2 On knee, kneeling, catholic, Christian chretian, shovel, biblical character, evangelical character, holy, sun, hat, engraving

A pregnant woman in bed another figure stands by the bed explaining something to her. Pen drawing after a woodcut by J. Berntsz, 1538.

The martyrdom of the ten thousand, woodcut by Albrecht Duerer, historical, digitally improved reproduction of an old woodcut, The martyrdom of the ten thousand, woodcut by Albrecht Duerer, historical, digitally improved reproduction of an old woodcut

Frontispiece of Francis Kirkman's 'The Wits'. Francis Kirkman (1632-1680) an English publisher, bookseller, librarian and author. Dated 17th Century

witches witches brewing a storm woodcut ""Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus"" of Olaus Magnus Rome 1555,

Communal bath. Woodcut from JJ Hugel 'Von heilsamen Badern des Teutschelands ...', Mullhause, c1559. Mixed public baths were a feature of city life, particularly in many of the German city states, but were banned after syphilis and gonorrhea reached epidemic proportions.

An Italian kitchen. From Christoforo di Messiburgo Banchetti compositioni di Vivende, Ferrara, 1549.

Marco Polo and his uncles arrive at Hormuz, 1271. Woodcut illustration. In 1271, Niccolo, Maffeo and Marco Polo embarked on their voyage to fulfil Kublai's request. They sailed to Acre, and then rode on camels to the Persian port of Hormuz.

Roasting copper in a furnace; C. A: cakes of smelted copper, B: wooden faggots for heat. On right man is using wooden wheelbarrow. From Agricola (George Bauer) 'De re metallica', Basle, 1556

Singing people, Anonymous, Hans Schäufelein, 1500 - 1599 print paper pen vocal music, singing

Historic drawing, portrait of Philip II of Spain, 1527 - 1598, King of Spain, the Netherlands and Portugal, showing him as a protector of the Roman Church in the Spanish Netherlands, 16th century

The Feast of Salome, 1490. From the opera Herodiade, 15th century. The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance by Paul Lacroix, 1874

Columbus in his caravel as he lands at San Domingo. Date: 1492

Countrymen fattening the wild boar at the Count's, Peasants, France, 14th century, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact date unknown, Europe

Armourer. 19th century reproduction of 16th century woodcut by Jost Amman

Jost Amman (1539-1591). "View of Place Saint-Marc in Venice (Bartsch 27)". Engraved wood. Middle of the 16th century. Museum of Fine Arts of the City of Paris, Petit Palais. 123048-1 Serious wood, 16th 16th XVI 16th 16th 16 CENTURY

A torture chamber in the 16th century, Germany, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original, exact date unknown, Europe

The printer's mark of Plantin, Christophe Plantin, Christoffel Plantijn, Christophorus Plantinus (around 1520 to 1 July 1589), French-Flemish printer and publisher, historical, digitally enhanced reproduction of an original from the 19th century.

Hans holbein the younger: Totentanzfolge Series from a dance with death 1523

'The Flight into Egypt', 1502-1505, (1936). Artist: Albrecht Dürer

Mockery of the Interim, Leipzig Article, 1555, Historical, digitally restored reproduction of a 19th century original, exact date unknown

16th century woodcut showing cocoa bush shaded by a larger type of tree and cocoa beans lying in the sun to dry. Left foreground native is making fire by blister method.

German musicians playing flute and cornetto, 16th century. The Arts of the Middle Ages and at the Period of the Renaissance by Paul Lacroix, 1874

GREMIOS DE TRABAJADORES - GRABADO DEL SIGLO XVIII. Location: BANCO DE ESPAÑA-COLECCION ARTE. MADRID. SPAIN.

The Shoemaker , Woodcut by Jost Amman (1535-1591) Swiss engraver.

Workers and stonemasons building with stone Date: 16th century

The Ship of Fools by Sebastian Brant, 1494, late medieval moral satire. Of self-indulgence, an old fool stirs in the fool's porridge at a hearth and looks in the mirror, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

'Plantus, Comoediae, c1511. Artist: Lazarus de Soardi.

Joan of Arc, Maid of Orleans, Illustration from the Book, Historical Cabinet, L.H. Young Publisher, New Haven, 1834

Jozef is drawn from Put, Anonymous, Hans Holbein (II), 1552 print paper Joseph is pulled out of the pit

Andria, from The Comedie of Terence, 19th century reprint n.d. Albrecht Dürer German. Andria, from The Comedie of Terence, 19th century reprint 387786

Gaston Phoebus (1331-1391) sitting on the throne teaching the art of venery. Engraving.

The Plates from the Epitome of the De Humani Corporis Fabrica by Andreas Vesalius, (1514-1564) Early draft for the Title Page of the first edition of 'de Humani Corporis Fabrica' 1543.

Ogier le Danois. Ogier le Dannoys. Lyon, vend Claude Nourry, 1525

Miracle in Walldürn; Unknown, Kostrycki, Maciej (p Azów; People's Woodmark; Fl. Ca 1830-Ca 1838), Azarski, Zygmunt (1885-1943); 1921 (print); 1831 (matrix) (1831-00-00-1921-00-00);Eucharist (Sacraments), Jesus Christ (iconogr.), Crucifixion (iconogr.), Eucharistic miracle at Walldürn (1330), miracles (iconogr.), Folk woodyard, ethnography, Polish graphics, Polish (culture), purchase (provenance), Łazarski, Zygmunt (1885-1943)-collection, Łazarski, Zygmunt (1885-1943). Field of old folk woodcuts (1921) - illustration

The Ship of Fools by Sebastian Brant, 1494, late medieval moral satire. Of new-fangled manners, a finely dressed fop holds up a mirror to an old jester, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Title Page to the First Edition of the 'De Humani Corporis Fabrica', by Andreas Vesalius, (1514-1564) Plate 2, 1543.

Fragment of a broadside on the Turkish invasion of Hungary by Schoen, Erhard (1491-1592) / British Museum / 1532 / Germany / Woodcut / History /Renaissance

Woodblock engraving depicting Venus and the activities under its government. Venus was considered a female planet, cold and moist and temperate. Those born under Venus loved clothes and ornaments, were beautiful, vivacious and licentious, and perceptive of beauty of all kinds. The planet's metal was brass, its day Friday and its night Tuesday. It was hostile to and its night Tuesday. It was hostile to Mercury and compatible with Jupiter. It had two houses, Taurus by day and Libra at night. Dated 16th century

bathing, bathhouse, common bath for both sexes, woodcut, ""Swiss Chronicles"" of Johannes Stumpf, Zuerich, 1554,

money finance banking lending peasant at the Jewish moneylender woodcut out of: Cicero ""De Officiis"" 1531,

The Tapestry at Michelfeld n.d. Albrecht Dürer German. The Tapestry at Michelfeld 388369

Ghetidenboec 1494-95 or 1498 () Published by Adriaen van Liesvelt Netherlandish. Ghetidenboec 350461

Facsimile of illustration Death Subject from Della arte del ben morire printed Florence circa 1490 From A Catalogue of a Collection of Engravings Etchings and Woodcuts by Richard Fisher published 1879

The Apocalypse, the martyrdom of St. John the Evangelist, woodcut by Albrecht Durer, historical, digital improved reproduction of an old woodcut..

The Ship of Fools by Sebastian Brant, 1494, late medieval moral satire. Of aspiring to the clerical state, theology students aspiring to the clerical state for the sake of being well provided for, Historical, digitally restored reproduction from a 19th century original

Noble Lady on Horseback, Accompanied by an Armed Servant, facsimile of the copperplate engraving by Albrecht Dürer, 15th century, Germany, digitally r...

Copper engraving 'The Young Man and Death' by Meister BR (with an anchor), created in the second half of the 15th century, depicting a young man confronting death.

Historical illustration from the 19th century, torture of the Jews, wearing Jewish hats, after a woodcut from 1475, example of Christian anti-Judaism in the 15th century in Germany

St. Peter Cornelius the Centurion (Acts 10). Campin, Robert (Netherlandish (before 1600) - Flanders, ca.1378-1444) (designed after) painter Beaumetiel, Henri de (Netherlandish (before 1600) - Flanders, act.1438) (cartoon creator) painter c. 1460 Tapestry Dimensions: H 5' x W 4'5 3/8" Tapestry Materials/Techniques: unknown Culture: Southern Netherlands Ownership History: Bequeathed to the Cathedral of Beauvais by its bishop Guillaume de Hellande in 1464. French & Co. purchased from Morgan Coll. 9/20/1915; sold to Andrew H. Mellon 3/13/1918. Mrs. Mellon Bruce. United States, District of Columbia, Washington (D.C.), National Gallery of Art, accno. 1970.20.3 (formerly C-548). Inscriptions: Inscription in central field at top: Comment langle se apparu a cornille centurion / disant qu il envoiast querir saint pierre pour son salut Inscriptions: Inscription in central field on banderole held by angel Inscriptions: Inscription in central field on small banderole on left: Paix (Peace) Within ar

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