NASA Training underwater simulations

Images depict astronauts and crews training underwater at NASA's Neutral Buoyancy Lab, focusing on spacecraft servicing and recovery techniques in a vibrant blue pool.

Apollo 6 (AS-502) Pacific Recovery

Apollo 6 (AS-502) Pacific Recovery

Orion Project SPLASH BTA Water Impact POT Boiler Plate Test Article (BTA) (SPLASH) Structural Passive Landing Attenuation for Survivability of Human Crew. (POT) Phase "0" Test Water Impact Test #3

This photograph shows STS-61 crewmemmbers training for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing mission in the Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS). Two months after its deployment in space, scientists detected a 2-micron spherical aberration in the primary mirror of the HST that affected the telescope's ability to focus faint light sources into a precise point. This imperfection was very slight, one-fiftieth of the width of a human hair. A scheduled Space Service servicing mission (STS-61) in 1993 permitted scientists to correct the problem. The MSFC NBS provided an excellent environment for testing hardware to examine how it would operate in space and for evaluating techniques for space construction and spacecraft servicing.

PHOTO DATE: 10-26-10LOCATION: NBL - Pool TopsideSUBJECT: Expedition 27 crew member Ron Garan and Expedition 28 crew member Mike Fossum during a joint INC-27/INC-28 ISS EVA Cleanup training session at the NBLWORK ORDER: 03126-BS__NBLEXP27_10-26-10

NASA, Department of Defense personnel from Detachment 3 out of Patrick Air Force Base, and the Mobile Diving Salvage Unit based in San Diego conduct a testing session at the Neutral Buoyancy Lab in Houston on Dec. 5, 2012 to evaluate procedures, mockups, and prototype hardware used to train personnel in recovery of the Orion crew module and the forward bay cover for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

PHOTO DATE: 10-28-13LOCATION: NBL - Pool TopsideSUBJECT: Expedition 42/43 crew training at the NBL with Scott Kelly and Samantha Cristoforetti during ISS EVA Maintenance 2 PRF.

PHOTO DATE: 10-28-13LOCATION: NBL - Pool TopsideSUBJECT: Expedition 42/43 crew training at the NBL with Scott Kelly and Samantha Cristoforetti during ISS EVA Maintenance 2 PRF.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Engineers and technicians prepare NASA's Project Morpheus prototype lander for a free flight test at a new launch site at the north end of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The 96-second test began at 4:21 p.m. EDT with the Morpheus lander launching from the ground over the flame trench and ascending more than 800 feet at a peak speed of 36 mph. The vehicle with its recently installed autonomous landing and hazard avoidance technology, or ALHAT, sensors surveyed the hazard field to determine safe landing sites. Morpheus then flew forward and downward covering 1,300 feet while performing a 78-foot divert to simulate a hazard avoidance maneuver. The lander descended and landed on a dedicated pad inside the ALHAT field. Project Morpheus tests NASAs ALHAT, and an engine that runs on liquid oxygen and methane, or green propellants, into a fully-operational lander that could deliver cargo to other planetary surfaces.The landing

JSC2006-E-44664 (16 Oct. 2006) --- Astronauts John D. (Danny) Olivas and James F. Reilly II, both STS-117 mission specialists, are about to be submerged in the waters of the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near Johnson Space Center. Olivas and Reilly are attired in training versions of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit.

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Senior Engineer Steve Faluotico works on the SPURS buoy prior to it being loaded onto the Institute's research vessel Knorr, Tuesday, Sept. 4, 2012, in Woods Hole, Mass. The SPURS buoy will be deployed in the Atlantic Ocean as part of the Salinity Processes in the Upper Ocean Regional Study (SPURS) which is set to sail on Sept. 6. The NASA-sponsored expedition will sail to the North Atlantic's saltiest spot to get a detailed, 3-D picture of how salt content fluctuates in the ocean's upper layers and how these variations are related to shifts in rainfall patterns around the planet.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Crew members from Freedom Star, one of NASA's solid rocket booster retrieval ships, have recovered and secured the left spent booster nose cap to a pallet on the ship's deck after space shuttle Discovery's STS-133 launch.The shuttles two solid rocket booster casings and associated flight hardware are recovered in the Atlantic Ocean after every launch by Liberty Star and Freedom Star. The boosters impact the Atlantic about seven minutes after liftoff and the retrieval ships are stationed about 10 miles from the impact area at the time of splashdown. After the spent segments are processed, they will be transported to Utah, where they will be refurbished and stored, if needed.

Artemis II Orion Underway Recovery Test 10 (URT-10) - Day 3. The Crew Module Test Article (CMTA) is seen in the waters of the Pacific Ocean during NASAs Underway Recovery Test 10 (URT-10). The CMTA is a full-scale mockup of the Orion spacecraft and is used by NASA and its Department of Defense partners to practice recovery procedures for crewed Artemis missions. URT-10 is the first test specifically in support of the Artemis II mission and allowed the team to practice what it will be like to recover astronauts and get them back to the recovery ship safely.

PHOTO DATE: 11-06-08LOCATION: NBL POOLSIDESUBJECT: HUBBLE crew members Michael J. Massimino and Michael T. Good during EVA training at the NBL

010628-N-3093M-003. Country: Atlantic Ocean (AOC)

Apollo 6 (AS-502) Pacific Recovery

Artemis I Orion Recovery Operations. NASAs Orion spacecraft for the Artemis I mission was successfully recovered inside the well deck of the USS Portland on Dec. 11, 2022 off the coast of Baja California. After launching atop the Space Launch System rocket on Nov. 16, 2022 from the agencys Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Orion spent 25.5 days in space before returning to Earth, completing the Artemis I mission.

PHOTO DATE: 03-28-13LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 39 (Soyuz 37) crew members Rick Mastracchio and Koichi Wakata during pre-dive briefing, preparations and suitup, then lowering into the water.

PHOTO DATE: 09-17-13LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 40/41 crew members Greg Wiseman and Alexander Gerst during pre-dive briefing, preparations and suitup, then lowering into the water.

JSC2009-E-226238 (28 Oct. 2009) --- Attired in training versions of their Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuits, astronauts Tracy Caldwell, Expedition 23/24 flight engineer; and Doug Wheelock (mostly obscured), Expedition 24 flight engineer and Expedition 25 commander, are about to be submerged in the waters of the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near NASA's Johnson Space Center. Divers are in the water to assist the crew members in their rehearsal, which is intended to help prepare them for work on the exterior of the International Space Station.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Engineers and technicians prepare NASA's Project Morpheus prototype lander for free flight test number 15 at the north end of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The lander will take off from the ground over a flame trench and use its autonomous landing and hazard avoidance technology, or ALHAT sensors, to survey the hazard field to determine safe landing sites. Project Morpheus tests NASAs ALHAT and an engine that runs on liquid oxygen and methane, which are green propellants. These new capabilities could be used in future efforts to deliver cargo to planetary surfaces. Project Morpheus is being managed under the Advanced Exploration Systems, or AES, Division in NASAs Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate.

S65-10157 (5 Feb. 1965) --- Astronaut John W. Young, the Gemini-Titan 3 prime crew pilot, is shown atop a Gemini spacecraft at Ellington Air Force Base, Texas, during water egress training.

Artemis II Orion Underway Recovery Test 10 (URT-10) - Day 3. The Crew Module Test Article (CMTA) is seen in the waters of the Pacific Ocean during NASAs Underway Recovery Test 10 (URT-10). The CMTA is a full-scale mockup of the Orion spacecraft and is used by NASA and its Department of Defense partners to practice recovery procedures for crewed Artemis missions. URT-10 is the first test specifically in support of the Artemis II mission and allowed the team to practice what it will be like to recover astronauts and get them back to the recovery ship safely.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers at NASA's Kennedy Space Center enter the orbiter mockup in preparation for a simulated emergency landing of a shuttle crew. Known as a Mode VI exercise, the operation uses volunteer workers from the Center to pose as astronauts. The purpose of the simulation is to exercise emergency preparedness personnel, equipment and facilities in rescuing astronauts from a downed orbiter and providing immediate medical attention.

NASAs SpaceX Crew-4 Splashdown. Support teams work around the SpaceX Crew Dragon Freedom spacecraft onboard the recovery ship Megan, after the capsule landed with NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Robert Hines, Jessica Watkins, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti aboard in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Friday, Oct. 14, 2022. Lindgren, Hines, Watkins, and Cristoforetti are returning after 170 days in space as part of Expeditions 67 and 68 aboard the International Space Station.

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - NASA and U.S. Navy personnel practice retrieving the Orion forward bay cover from the water during the Orion underway recovery test. The Orion boilerplate test vehicle and other hardware are secured in the well deck of the USS San Diego nearby in preparation for the test about 100 miles off the coast of San Diego, California. NASA and the U.S. Navy conducted tests to prepare for the recovery of the Orion crew module, forward bay cover and parachutes on its return from a deep space mission. The underway recovery test will allow the teams to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, hardware and personnel in open waters. During the testing, the tether lines were unable to support the tension caused by crew module motion that was driven by wave turbulence in the well deck of the ship. NASA and the U.S. Navy are reviewing the testing data collected to evaluate the next steps. The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program conducted the underway

S97-11949 (8 Sept 1997) --- Wearing training versions of the Shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) space suit, astronauts Jerry L. Ross (left), and James Newman perform the first training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) of the Sonny Carter Training Facility. The training was actually a dress rehearsal of three Extravehicular Activitys (EVA) the pair will conduct during the July 1998 flight (STS-88) -- the first International Space Station (ISS) assembly mission. During the six-hour training session, the crew practiced hooking up power and data cables between full-scale mockups of the Functional Cargo Block and the United States-built Node 1 (foreground).

Artemis II Orion Underway Recovery Test 10 (URT-10) - Day 3. The Crew Module Test Article (CMTA) is seen in the waters of the Pacific Ocean during NASAs Underway Recovery Test 10 (URT-10). The CMTA is a full-scale mockup of the Orion spacecraft and is used by NASA and its Department of Defense partners to practice recovery procedures for crewed Artemis missions. URT-10 is the first test specifically in support of the Artemis II mission and allowed the team to practice what it will be like to recover astronauts and get them back to the recovery ship safely.

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - The Orion boilerplate test vehicle floats in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego during a portion of Underway Recovery Test 2. U.S. Navy divers in a Zodiac boat are practicing techniques to attach a lifting sling to the test vehicle. NASA, Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Navy are conducting the test from the USS Anchorage to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The underway recovery test will allow the team to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, new hardware and personnel in open waters.The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery test. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flig

PHOTO DATE: 10 MAY 2013LOCATION: Neutral Buoyancy Lab - UnderwaterSUBJECT: NBL EVA dive with Terry Virts and Samantha Cristoforetti in support of ISS ammonia leak trouble-shooting.

Artemis I Orion Recovery Operations. NASAs Orion spacecraft for the Artemis I mission was successfully recovered inside the well deck of the USS Portland on Dec. 11, 2022 off the coast of Baja California. After launching atop the Space Launch System rocket on Nov. 16, 2022 from the agencys Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Orion spent 25.5 days in space before returning to Earth, completing the Artemis I mission.

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - On board the USS Salvor, a safeguard-class rescue and salvage ship, U.S. Navy personnel check the stationary crane attached to the Orion boilerplate test vehicle during Underway Recovery Test 4A in the Pacific Ocean. The test vehicle will be lifted up and lowered into the water to test crew module crane recovery operations. NASA, Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Navy are conducting the test to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The underway recovery test will allow the teams to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, new hardware and personnel in open waters.The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery test. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry fro

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - U.S. Navy personnel in a rigid hull inflatable boat use tether lines to help guide the Orion boilerplate test vehicle during a portion of Underway Recovery Test 2 in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego. Orion was prepared for the test in the well deck of the USS Anchorage. The bright orange stabilizers help keep the test vehicle floating upright if needed. NASA, Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Navy are conducting the test to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The underway recovery test will allow the team to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, new hardware and personnel in open waters.The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery test. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during s

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - The tethered Orion boilerplate test vehicle is secured in the well deck of the USS Anchorage during the third day of Orion Underway Recovery Test 3 in the Pacific Ocean. Orange stabilizers on the top of the test vehicle were inflated to simulate the system that will be used to upright Orion in the water after splashdown.NASA, Lockheed Martin and U.S. Navy personnel are conducting the recovery test using the test vehicle to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The test allows the teams to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, hardware and personnel in open waters. The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery tests. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re

Astronauts Greg Harbaugh and Steve Smith conduct Hubble Space Telescope (HST) training in Marshall's Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS).

Engineers and technicians prepare NASA's Project Morpheus prototype lander for free flight test number 15 on a launch pad at the north end of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The lander will take off from the ground over a flame trench and use its autonomous landing and hazard avoidance technology, or ALHAT sensors, to survey the hazard field to determine safe landing sites. Project Morpheus tests NASAs ALHAT and an engine that runs on liquid oxygen and methane, which are green propellants. These new capabilities could be used in future efforts to deliver cargo to planetary surfaces. Project Morpheus is being managed under the Advanced Exploration Systems, or AES, Division in NASAs Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate.

ORION Project-(SPLASH) Structural Passive Landing Attenuation for Survivability of Human Crew (BTA) Boiler Plate Test Article Water Impact Test-Pot Phase"0" Test POT#2 Tested at the Hydro Impact Basin at the Landing and Impact Research Facility (Gantry)

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Members of space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 crew practice emergency exit procedures in a slidewire basket at Launch Pad 39A following a simulated launch countdown. The exercise is part of terminal countdown demonstration test, or TCDT, activities at NASA's Kennedy Space Center. The TCDT is a dress rehearsal for launch and also provides astronauts and ground crews with equipment familiarization and emergency egress training. On mission STS-122, Atlantis will deliver the Columbus module to the International Space Station. The European Space Agency's largest single contribution to the station, Columbus is a multifunctional, pressurized laboratory that will be permanently attached to U.S. Node 2, called Harmony. The laboratory will expand the research facilities aboard the station, providing crew members and scientists from around the world the ability to conduct a variety of experiments in the physical, materials and life sciences. Atlantis' launch is targ

ArcticNet scientists deploy the CTD-Rosette sampler from the CGGS Amundsen, the rosette takes water samples from certain depths, Baffin Bay, Northwest Passage, Nunavut, Canada

Crew Model Water Landing Module Assessment Photographs taken at Aberdeen Test Facility Aberdeen MD.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- A technician prepares the Project Morpheus prototype lander for a second free flight test at the north end of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Testing of the prototype lander was performed at NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston in preparation for tethered and free flight testing at Kennedy. Project Morpheus integrates NASAs automated landing and hazard avoidance technology, or ALHAT, with an engine that runs on liquid oxygen and methane, or green propellants, into a fully-operational lander that could deliver cargo to other planetary surfaces.The landing facility will provide the lander with the kind of field necessary for realistic testing, complete with rocks, craters and hazards to avoid. Morpheus ALHAT payload allows it to navigate to clear landing sites amidst rocks, craters and other hazards during its descent. Project Morpheus is being managed under the Advanced Exploration Systems, or AES, Division in NASAs

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, technicians check out the agency's Project Morpheus prototype lander which just touched down on a dedicated pad inside the ALHAT hazard field near the Shuttle Landing Facility. Project Morpheus tests NASAs ALHAT and an engine that runs on liquid oxygen and methane, which are green propellants. These new capabilities could be used in future efforts to deliver cargo to planetary surfaces.The landing facility provides the lander with the kind of field necessary for realistic testing, complete with rocks, craters and hazards to avoid. Morpheus ALHAT payload allows it to navigate to clear landing sites amidst rocks, craters and other hazards during its descent. Project Morpheus is being managed under the Advanced Exploration Systems, or AES, Division in NASAs Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. The efforts in AES pioneer new approaches for rapidly developing prototype systems, demonstrating key capabil

An Orion water drop test, with instrumented test dummies, takes place on May 11, 2016 at NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Engineers and technicians prepare the Project Morpheus prototype lander for an automated landing and hazard avoidance technology, or ALHAT, and laser test at a new launch site at the north end of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The launch pad was moved to a different location at the landing facility to support the next phase of flight testing. The seventh free flight test of Morpheus occurred on March 11. The 83-second test began at 3:41 p.m. EDT with the Morpheus lander launching from the ground over a flame trench and ascending to 580 feet. Morpheus then flew its fastest downrange trek at 30 mph, travelling farther than before, 837 feet. The lander performed a 42-foot divert to emulate a hazard avoidance maneuver before descending and touching down on Landing Site 2, at the northern landing pad inside the ALHAT hazard field. Morpheus landed within one foot of its intended target. Project Morpheus tests NASAs ALHAT and an

NASAs Landing and Recovery team, composed of members from the Department of Defense, NASA and contractor Jacobs, practiced securing a test version of Orion into the well deck of a ship. During the test, the team practiced to ensure recovery procedure timelines are validated as NASA plans to send Artemis I around the Moon and splashdown in the Pacific Ocean.

DEEPSEA CHALLENGE 3D (2014), directed by JOHN BRUNO.

PHOTO DATE: 03/15/12LOCATION: NBLSUBJECT: Expedition 32 (Soyuz 31) crew members Aki Hoshide and Sunita Williams during EVA TL RUN at the NBL

Recovery team members work to secure a test version of Orion in the Pacific Ocean on Sept. 17, 2014. A combined NASA and U.S. Navy team is practicing recovery techniques off the coast of California over the course of the the week -- first with a crane on board the Navy's USS Salvor, and now using the USS Anchorage's well deck -- in preparation for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

Teams perform a series of tests at NASAs Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) at the agencys Johnson Space Center in Houston on Oct. 7, 2015, to evaluate the most efficient way for astronauts to get out of the Orion spacecraft after weeks or months away from Earth. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

Recovering seabed samples from the Megacorer, onboard James Cook research vessel over the mid Atlantic ridge, June 2010

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - A mock-up of the Orion forward bay cover is being lifted by crane on the USS Anchorage during the second day of Orion Underway Recovery Test 3 in the Pacific Ocean. NASA, Lockheed Martin and U.S. Navy personnel are conducting the recovery test using the Orion boilerplate test vehicle and mock-up forward bay cover to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The test allows the teams to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, hardware and personnel in open waters.The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery tests. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of Orion is scheduled to launch in 2

Artemis I Orion Recovery Operations. NASAs Orion spacecraft for the Artemis I mission was successfully recovered inside the well deck of the USS Portland on Dec. 11, 2022 off the coast of Baja California. After launching atop the Space Launch System rocket on Nov. 16, 2022 from the agencys Kennedy Space Center in Florida, Orion spent 25.5 days in space before returning to Earth, completing the Artemis I mission.

NASAs SpaceX Crew-4 Splashdown. Support teams work around the SpaceX Crew Dragon Freedom spacecraft shortly after it landed with NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Robert Hines, Jessica Watkins, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti aboard in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Friday, Oct. 14, 2022. Lindgren, Hines, Watkins, and Cristoforetti are returning after 170 days in space as part of Expeditions 67 and 68 aboard the International Space Station.

PHOTO DATE: 09-16-11 LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 31 crew members Suni Williams and Aki Hoshide conduct pre-test briefings, preparations and then suit up for EVA training before entering the pool at the Sonny Carter Training Facility.

NASAs SpaceX Crew-4 Splashdown. Support teams work around the SpaceX Crew Dragon Freedom spacecraft shortly after it landed with NASA astronauts Kjell Lindgren, Robert Hines, Jessica Watkins, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti aboard in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Friday, Oct. 14, 2022. Lindgren, Hines, Watkins, and Cristoforetti are returning after 170 days in space as part of Expeditions 67 and 68 aboard the International Space Station.

Apollo 6 (AS-502) Pacific Recovery

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - The Orion boilerplate test vehicle has been lowered into the water with a stationary crane from the USS Salvor, a safeguard-class rescue and salvage ship, during Underway Recovery Test 4A in the Pacific Ocean. Nearby, U.S. Navy personnel in a Zodiac boat prepare to practice procedures to tether and retrieve the test vehicle. NASA, Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Navy are testing crane recovery operations to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The underway recovery test will allow the teams to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, new hardware and personnel in open waters.The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery test. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide sa

Recovery team members attach cables to a test version of Orion in the Pacific Ocean on Sept. 12, 2014. A combined NASA and U.S. Navy team practiced recovery techniques off the coast of California over the course of the next week -- first with the crane, as seen here, then using the USS Anchorage's well deck -- in preparation for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

S68-41683 (August 1968) --- Three astronauts participate in Apollo water egress training in a tank in Building 260 at the Manned Spacecraft Center. Already in life raft is John W. Young. Eugene A. Cernan is egressing the Apollo Command Module trainer. Inside the trainer and almost obscured is Thomas P. Stafford.

NASA, Department of Defense personnel from Detachment 3 out of Patrick Air Force Base, and the Mobile Diving Salvage Unit based in San Diego conduct a testing session at the Neutral Buoyancy Lab in Houston on Dec. 5, 2012 to evaluate procedures, mockups, and prototype hardware used to train personnel in recovery of the Orion crew module and the forward bay cover for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

NASA astronauts Rex Walheim, left, and Mike Fossum arei aided by divers as they work in a mock up of the space shuttle's payload bay as the crew of STS-135 trains for a space walk in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory near the Johnson Space Center on Thursday, March 10, 2011, in Houston. ( NASA Photo / Houston Chronicle, Smiley N. Pool )

On April 6, 2016, engineers at NASAs Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, kicked off a series of nine drop tests of a representative Orion crew capsule with crash test dummies inside to understand what the spacecraft and astronauts may experience when landing in the Pacific Ocean after deep-space missions. The high-fidelity capsule, coupled with the heat shield from Orion's first flight in space, was hoisted approximately 16 feet above the water and vertically dropped into Langleys 20-foot-deep Hydro Impact Basin. The crash test dummies were instrumented to provide data and secured inside the capsule to help provide information engineers need to ensure astronauts will be protected from injury during splashdown. Each test in the series simulates different scenarios for Orions parachute-assisted landings, wind conditions, velocities and wave heights the spacecraft may experience when touching down in the ocean.

Recovery team members attach cables to a test version of Orion on Sept. 12, 2014. A combined NASA and U.S. Navy team practiced recovery techniques off the coast of California over the course of the next week -- first with the crane, as seen here, then using the USS Anchorage's well deck -- in preparation for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

Launching ROV Isis (remotely operated vehicle) into the sea from James Cook research vessel over the mid Atlantic ridge, June 2010

S98-04610 (6 April 1998) --- U.S. Sen. John H. Glenn Jr. (D.-Ohio), attired in a training version of the Space Shuttle partial pressure launch and entry suit, surveys the scene of a bailout training exercise. The giant pool in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL)at the Sonny Carter Training Facility allows the STS-95 crewmembers the opportunity to simulate ejection from an aircraft over water. A number of SCUBA-equipped divers assist in the training exercises. The nearby structure contains a simulated version of the escape pole which is located in the middeck on each of four NASA Space Shuttle vehicles. Parachute drops, raft deployment, water bailing, flare signaling and other survival techniques are also covered in the session.

HEROES PAYLOAD AWAITS LAUNCH AS HELIUM BALLOON INFLATES IN BACKGROUND, FORT SUMNER, NEW MEXICO, SEPTEMBER 21, 2013

A module of a space station reproduction in a diving basin, backup divers carefully examine the space station, European Space Agency, ESA, European Astronaut Center, EAC, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Europe

PHOTO DATE: 03/15/12LOCATION: NBLSUBJECT: Expedition 32 (Soyuz 31) crew members Aki Hoshide and Sunita Williams during EVA TL RUN at the NBL

PHOTO DATE: 09-17-13LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 40/41 crew members Greg Wiseman and Alexander Gerst during pre-dive briefing, preparations and suitup, then lowering into the water.

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - At a hangar near the Shuttle Landing Facility, or SLF, at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the Johnson Space Center Project Morpheus Manager Jon Olansen speaks to members of the media. In the foreground is the Morpheus prototype lander, which arrived at Kennedy on July 27.Testing of the prototype lander had been ongoing at NASAs Johnson Space Center in Houston in preparation for its first free-flight test at Kennedy Space Center. The SLF will provide the lander with the kind of field necessary for realistic testing, complete with rocks, craters and hazards to avoid. Morpheus utilizes an autonomous landing and hazard avoidance technology, or ALHAT, payload that will allow it to navigate to clear landing sites amidst rocks, craters and other hazards during its descent. Project Morpheus is one of 20 small projects comprising the Advanced Exploration Systems, or AES, program in NASAs Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. AES projects pionee

The SpaceX Crew Dragon Endeavour spacecraft, with NASA astronauts Robert Behnken and Douglas Hurley onboard, is positioned on the SpaceX GO Navigator recovery ship for crew egress shortly after landing in the Gulf of Mexico off the coast of Pensacola, Florida, Sunday, Aug. 2, 2020. The Demo-2 test flight for NASA's Commercial Crew Program was the first to deliver astronauts to the International Space Station and return them safely to Earth onboard a commercially built and operated spacecraft. Behnken and Hurley returned after spending 64 days in space.

PHOTO DATE: 09-17-13LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 40/41 crew members Greg Wiseman and Alexander Gerst during pre-dive briefing, preparations and suitup, then lowering into the water.

A771573 AREA 2 SHOCK MOUNT DAMAGE TRAILER F-10 LEO F BRADY SEP 29 77EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 9/29/1977 BRADY, LEO F; DAMAGED; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; TEST SITES; TESTING; TRAILER DAMAGE; TRAILER F-10; TRAILERS (TRACTOR); UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING; WEAPON EFFECTS; WEAPONS RELATED; WEAPONS TECHNOLOGY; SHOCKMOUNT DAMAGE TRAILER F-10 historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

NASA astronauts Suni Williams and Barry Butch” Wilmore rehearse the steps they would take to exit Boeing’s CST-100 Starliner spacecraft without assistance in the unlikely event of an emergency resulting in a splashdown. The training exercise, which occurred April 27, 2019, took place several miles off the coast of Cape Canaveral near NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It included the astronauts unloading a rescue raft from inside the spacecraft, climbing out through a hatch at the top of the spacecraft, jumping into the Atlantic Ocean and boarding the raft. This open-ocean exercise provides the astronauts with the necessary training ahead of Boeing’s Crew Flight Test and subsequent missions. During normal return scenarios, Boeing’s Starliner will land in a safe zone of about 15 square miles in the Western United States. Throughout the commercial crew development phases with NASA, Boeing has performed dozens of qualification tests on its parachute and airbag systems simulating con

Artemis I Red Team at LC-39B. Members of the red crew” perform work at the mobile launcher during the launch countdown for Artemis I at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Nov. 16, 2022. The team of technicians are part of the personnel specially trained to conduct operations at the launch pad during cryogenic loading operations. Prior to the launch of Artemis I, the red crew entered the zero deck, or base, of the mobile launcher and tightened several bolts to troubleshoot a valve used to replenish the core stage with liquid hydrogen which showed a leak with readings above limits. NASA has historically sent teams to the pad to conduct inspections during active launch operations as needed. Artemis I launched successfully at 1:47 a.m. on Nov. 16, from Kennedy’s Launch Pad 39B.

Backup divers and astronauts practicing with a space station module reproduction in a diving basin, underwater photographers are documenting the training session, European Space Agency, ESA, European Astronaut Center, EAC, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Europe

Research submersible submerging to explore hot vents, Danzante Island, Baja California, Mexico

Teams perform a series of tests at NASAs Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) at the agencys Johnson Space Center in Houston on Oct. 7, 2015, to evaluate the most efficient way for astronauts to get out of the Orion spacecraft after weeks or months away from Earth. Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

PHOTO DATE: 03-28-13LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 39 (Soyuz 37) crew members Rick Mastracchio and Koichi Wakata during pre-dive briefing, preparations and suitup, then lowering into the water.

NASA, Department of Defense personnel from Detachment 3 out of Patrick Air Force Base, and the Mobile Diving Salvage Unit based in San Diego conduct a testing session at the Neutral Buoyancy Lab in Houston on Dec. 5, 2012 to evaluate procedures, mockups, and prototype hardware used to train personnel in recovery of the Orion crew module and the forward bay cover for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - On the third day of Underway Recovery Test 4A in the Pacific Ocean, the Orion boilerplate test vehicle has been lifted out of the water and placed in a cradle in the USS Salvor, a safeguard-class rescue and salvage ship, using a stationary crane. NASA, Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Navy are testing crane recovery operations to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The underway recovery test allows the teams to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, new hardware and personnel in open waters.The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery test. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of th

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Stephen Ezell, meteorological systems operator at Weather Station A, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, walks out with a weather balloon that he will release. Such balloons are released twice a day. The package in Ezell's hand is a radio sonde that collects temperature and humidity data as the balloon rises. The data is released to agencies nationwide, including the 45th Space Wing which uses the data for its daily weather reports. The weather station provides additional data to NASA for launches - releasing 12 balloons in eight hours prior to liftoff - and landings - releasing 5 balloons in six and a half hours before expected touchdown.

Researcher and scientific instruments Concordia Antarctic

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Engineers and technicians wearing safety goggles, prepare the Project Morpheus prototype lander for an automated landing and hazard avoidance technology, or ALHAT, and laser test at a new launch site at the north end of the Shuttle Landing Facility at NASAs Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The launch pad was moved to a different location at the landing facility to support the next phase of flight testing. The seventh free flight test of Morpheus occurred on March 11. The 83-second test began at 3:41 p.m. EDT with the Morpheus lander launching from the ground over a flame trench and ascending to 580 feet. Morpheus then flew its fastest downrange trek at 30 mph, travelling farther than before, 837 feet. The lander performed a 42-foot divert to emulate a hazard avoidance maneuver before descending and touching down on Landing Site 2, at the northern landing pad inside the ALHAT hazard field. Morpheus landed within one foot of its intended target. Project Morpheus t

Recovering seabed samples from the Megacorer, onboard James Cook research vessel over the mid Atlantic ridge, June 2010

Researchers communicate with the BARREL ground station during preparations for launch. The white box in the background is the science payload and the orange and white parachute can be seen on the ground in front of it. On the left is BARREL Principal Investigator Robyn Millan of Dartmouth College in Hanover, N.H.; on the right is BARREL Co-Investigator Michael McCarthy of the University of Washington in Seattle.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- A Diver Operator Plug (DOP) is being pulled down into the ocean by a newly designed one-man submarine known as DeepWorker 2000. The activity is part of an operation to attach the plug to a mockup of a solid rocket booster nozzle. DeepWorker 2000 is being tested on its ability to duplicate the sometimes hazardous job United Space Alliance (USA) divers perform to recover the expended boosters in the ocean after a launch. The boosters splash down in an impact area about 140 miles east of Jacksonville and after recovery are towed back to KSC for refurbishment by the specially rigged recovery ships. DeepWorker 2000 will be used in a demonstration during retrieval operations after the upcoming STS-101 launch. The submarine pilot will demonstrate capabilities to cut tangled parachute riser lines using a manipulator arm and attach the DOP to extract water and provide flotation for the booster. DeepWorker 2000 was built by Nuytco Research Ltd., North Vancouver, Bri

When astronauts return to Earth from destinations beyond the Moon in NASAs Orion spacecraft and splashdown in the Pacific Ocean, theyll still need to safely get out of the spacecraft and back on dry land. Using the waters off the coast of Galveston, Texas, a NASA and Department of Defense team test Orion exit procedures in a variety of scenarios on July 11, 2017. Part of Batch images transfer from Flickr.

Recovery team members retrieve a test version of Orion from the Pacific Ocean using a crane on the Navy's USS Salvor on Sept. 13, 2014. A combined NASA and U.S. Navy team practiced recovery techniques off the coast of California over the course of the the week -- first with the Salvor's crane, then using the USS Anchorage's well deck -- in preparation for Exploration Flight Test-1 (EFT-1). Part of Batch image transfer from Flickr.

ORION Project-(SPLASH) Structural Passive Landing Attenuation for Survivability of Human Crew (BTA) Boiler Plate Test Article Water Impact Test-Pot Phase"0" Test POT#2 Tested at the Hydro Impact Basin at the Landing and Impact Research Facility (Gantry)

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - The Orion boilerplate test vehicle floats in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of San Diego during a portion of Underway Recovery Test 2. Orion was prepared for the test in the well deck of the USS Anchorage. Tether lines from the well deck are attached to Orion. The bright orange stabilizers help keep the test vehicle floating upright if needed. NASA, Lockheed Martin and the U.S. Navy are conducting the test to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The underway recovery test will allow the team to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, new hardware and personnel in open waters.The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery test. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provi

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Crew members from Freedom Star, one of NASA's solid rocket booster retrieval ships, use a skiff to approach the left spent booster bobbing in the Atlantic Ocean after space shuttle Discovery's STS-133 launch.The shuttles two solid rocket booster casings and associated flight hardware are recovered in the Atlantic Ocean after every launch by Liberty Star and Freedom Star. The boosters impact the Atlantic about seven minutes after liftoff and the retrieval ships are stationed about 10 miles from the impact area at the time of splashdown. After the spent segments are processed, they will be transported to Utah, where they will be refurbished and stored, if needed.

A weather balloon is prepared for release at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station weather station. The balloon is equipped with a radiosonde, an instrument that transmits measurements on atmospheric pressure, humidity, temperature and winds as it ascends. The data will be used to determine if conditions are acceptable for the launch of NASA's THEMIS mission. THEMIS, an acronym for Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, consists of five identical probes that will track violent, colorful eruptions near the North Pole. This will be the largest number of scientific satellites NASA has ever launched into orbit aboard a single rocket. The THEMIS mission aims to unravel the mystery behind auroral substorms, an avalanche of magnetic energy powered by the solar wind that intensifies the northern and southern lights. The mission will investigate what causes auroras in the Earths atmosphere to dramatically change from slowly shimmering waves of light to wildly shift

SAN DIEGO, Calif. - The Orion boilerplate test vehicle is tethered and guided back into the water-filled well deck of the USS Anchorage during the third day of Orion Underway Recovery Test 3 in the Pacific Ocean. NASA, Lockheed Martin and U.S. Navy personnel are conducting recovery tests using the Orion boilerplate test vehicle to prepare for recovery of the Orion crew module on its return from a deep space mission. The test allows the teams to demonstrate and evaluate the recovery processes, procedures, hardware and personnel in open waters. The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program is conducting the underway recovery tests. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of Orion is scheduled to launch in 2014

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- This image taken from the bow of Freedom Star, one of NASA's solid rocket booster retrieval ships, shows crew members in a skiff attaching flotation devices, or buoys, to the parachute lines from the left spent booster from space shuttle Discovery's STS-133 launch.The shuttles two solid rocket booster casings and associated flight hardware are recovered in the Atlantic Ocean after every launch by Liberty Star and Freedom Star. The boosters impact the Atlantic about seven minutes after liftoff and the retrieval ships are stationed about 10 miles from the impact area at the time of splashdown. After the spent segments are processed, they will be transported to Utah, where they will be refurbished and stored, if needed.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - "Astronauts" were safely and successfully recovered from a "downed" Space Shuttle in a Mode VII contingency simulation led by Don Hammel, NASA Landing and Recovery Director. KSC Fire/Rescue and Emergency Medical workers, along with Johnson Space Center and Patrick Air Force Base personnel, participated in the drill. Mode simulations are held periodically at KSC to ensure contingency response forces are well prepared to respond to a wide variety of potential emergency situations.

SPLASH BTA Phase 2 Vertical Tests 9: Documentation of preparation, set up and results of full scale BTA (Boilerplate Test Article) vertical drop test series performed in 2012 at the LaRC Hydro Impact Basin (HIB)

In February 1980, a satellite called Solar Maximum Mission Spacecraft, or Solar Max, was launched into Earth's orbit. Its primary objective was to provide a detailed study of solar flares, active regions on the Sun's surface, sunspots, and other solar activities. Additionally, it was to measure the total output of radiation from the Sun. Not much was known about solar activity at that time except for a slight knowledge of solar flares. After its launch, Solar Max fulfilled everyone's expectations. However, after a year in orbit, Solar Max's Altitude Control System malfunctioned, preventing the precise pointing of instruments at the Sun. NASA scientists were disappointed at the lost data, but not altogether dismayed because Solar Max had been designed for Space Shuttle retrievability enabling the repair of the satellite. On April 6, 1984, Space Shuttle Challenger (STS-41C), Commanded by astronaut Robert L. Crippen and piloted by Francis R. Scobee, launched on a historic voyage. This voy

TROPICS Wet Dress Rehearsal. A wet dress rehearsal is underway for Rocket Labs Electron rocket at Launch Complex 1 in Mahia, New Zealand on April 28, 2023. NASAs Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) CubeSats are secured in the payload fairing atop the rocket. TROPICS is scheduled to launch from Launch Complex 1, Pad B. TROPICS will provide data on temperature, precipitation, water vapor, and clouds by measuring microwave frequencies, providing insight into storm formation and intensification.

TEST ENGINEER DENNIS STRICKLAND CONDUCTS WATER FLOW TESTS AT TEST STAND 116 FOR SPACE LAUNCH SYSTEM SCALE MODEL ACOUSTIC TEST SERIES (WITH SOLID ROCKET BOOSTERS)

PHOTO DATE: 11-21-12LOCATION: NBL - Pool Topside SUBJECT: Expedition 42/43 crew member and Italian ESA astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti with NASA astronaut Terry Virts during INC-42/CB EVA SKILLS 21027.

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