Scientific Research Techniques

Photos of researchers engaged in detailed work, from archaeology to spacecraft technology repairs, emphasizing meticulous scientific methods.

Forensic scientist at Baylor University working to identify the remains of unidentified migrants, Waco, Texas, United States, North America

Archaeology researcher in laboratory demonstrates how antler was used as tool in prehistory.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Astrotech, engineers from Dutch Space prepare materials to make repairs on the slight damage done by a technician's tool to the back of a solar array panel of the Dawn spacecraft on June 11 during a procedure to prepare Dawn for spin-balance testing. The size of the affected area is about 2.5 inches by 2 inches. There is no impact to the launch date of July 7. Dawn's goal is to characterize the conditions and processes of the solar system's earliest epoch 4.5 billion years ago by investigating in detail two of the largest asteroids, Ceres and Vesta. They reside between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Launch Pad 39A, a United Space Alliance technician carefully cuts away the foam insulation surrounding the covers over the feed-through connector box on the external tank for space shuttle Atlantis' STS-122 mission, revealing the fastener holes on the covers. The covers will be removed for access to the feed-through connectors. Following the failure of some of the tank's engine cutoff sensors, or ECO sensors, during propellant tanking for launch attempts on Dec. 6 and Dec. 9, a tanking test was conducted on Dec. 18 to aid in troubleshooting the cause. Technicians spliced test wiring into the ECO sensor electrical system and used time domain reflectometry equipment to help locate the electrical anomaly. Results of the tanking test pointed to an open circuit in the feed-through connector wiring, which is located at the base of the tank. The feed-through connector passes the wires from the inside of the tank to the outside. During the holiday period, wo

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the clean room at NASAs Hangar AE on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS), a Spectrolab technician, Anna Herrera, removes one of the solar cells that will be replaced on the Swift spacecrafts solar array. Swift is a first-of-its-kind, multi-wavelength observatory dedicated to the study of gamma-ray burst (GRB) science. Its three instruments will work together to observe GRBs and afterglows in the gamma-ray, X-ray, ultraviolet and optical wavebands. The main mission objectives for Swift are to determine the origin of gamma-ray bursts, classify gamma-ray bursts and search for new types, determine how the blast wave evolves and interacts with the surroundings, use gamma-ray bursts to study the early universe and perform the first sensitive hard X-ray survey of the sky. Swift is scheduled to launch Oct. 26 from Launch Pad 17-A, CCAFS, on a Boeing Delta 7320 rocket.

Forensic scientist at Baylor University working to identify the remains of unidentified migrants, Waco, Texas, United States, North America

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At Astrotech, a Dutch Space technician repairs the damage to the lower edge of the solar array panel on the Dawn spacecraft. On June 11, during a procedure to prepare the Dawn spacecraft for spin-balance testing, the back of a solar array panel was slightly damaged by a technician's tool. The size of the affected area is about 2.5 inches by 2 inches. There is no impact to the launch date of July 7. Dawn's goal is to characterize the conditions and processes of the solar system's earliest epoch 4.5 billion years ago by investigating in detail two of the largest asteroids, Ceres and Vesta. They reside between Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt.

Reconstitution of a Sarcosuchus manufactured in a zoo France

Person experimenting on a fish

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, engineers prepare experiments for loading aboard the SpaceX Dragon capsule for launch to the International Space Station. Once the packaging is complete, the samples will be transported to Space Launch Complex-40 on Cape Canaveral Air Force Station where they will be loaded aboard the Dragon.Scheduled for launch March 1 atop a Falcon 9 rocket, Dragon will be making its third trip to the space station. The mission is the second of 12 SpaceX flights contracted by NASA to resupply the orbiting laboratory.

A840546 U12T MIDAS MYTH EXPERIMENT RECOVERY STEPHEN FALACY (PROJECT ENGINEER) MAR 14 84 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 3/14/1984 EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT & INSTRUMENTS; EXPERIMENT RECOVERY; GLOVES; GLOVES, SURGICAL; INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT; MIDAS MYTH; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; TEST SITES; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING; U12T MIDAS MYTH-EXPERIMENT REC historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

A840634 U12T MIDAS MYTH EXPERIMENT RECOVERY STEPHEN FALACY (PROJECT ENGINEER) MAR 15 84 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 3/15/1984 E-64; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT & INSTRUMENTS; EXPERIMENT RECOVERY; INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT; MIDAS MYTH; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; NUCLEAR TESTING; NUCLEAR TESTS; TEST SITES; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING; U12T MIDAS MYTH-EXPERIMENT REC historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

Employee analyses a sample in a Corona rapid test centre, Eberswalde, 17.03.2021

Forensic expert studying fingerprints in the lab

Kriminaltechnisches Institut, KTI, Forensic Science Institute, collection of fibre traces, police, Landeskriminalamt, LKA, State Criminal Police Office, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Europe

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Technicians in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center perform backlight inspection and cleaning on the Fine Guidance Sensor, or FGS. The FGS is part of the payload for the fifth and final Hubble servicing mission, STS-125, aboard space shuttle Atlantis. Black light inspection uses UVA fluorescence to detect possible particulate microcontamination, minute cracks or fluid leaks. An FGS consists of a large structure housing a collection of mirrors, lenses, servos, prisms, beam splitters and photomultiplier tubes. There are three fine guidance sensors on Hubble located at 90-degree intervals around the circumference of the telescope. Along with the gyroscopes, the optical sensors are a key component of Hubbles highly complex but extraordinarily effective “pointing control system.” Atlantis is targeted to launch Oct. 8.

Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) being outfitted with a satellite tracking device, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, Texas

Archaeology researcher in laboratory analyzing ancient antler tool.

Kriminaltechnisches Institut, KTI, Forensic Science Institute, collection of fibre traces, police, Landeskriminalamt, LKA, State Criminal Police Office, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, Europe

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- United Space Alliance technician Larry Tanner cuts the strip of gap filler to be installed on the orbiter Discovery, which is being processed in Orbiter Processing Facility Bay 3 at NASAs Kennedy Space Center. This work is being performed due to two gap fillers that were protruding from the underside of Discovery on the first Return to Flight mission, STS-114. New installation procedures have been developed to ensure the gap fillers stay in place and do not pose any hazard during the shuttle's re-entry to the atmosphere. Discovery is the scheduled orbiter for the second space shuttle mission in the return-to-flight sequence.

Close up hands with gloves of woman washing dishes

Artifacts found by the Fort McCoy archaeology team members with the Colorado State Universitys (CSU) Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands who work in partnership with the Fort McCoy Directorate of Public Works Environmental Division Natural Resources Branch (NRB) during an archaeological survey July 14, 2022, are shown on South Post at Fort McCoy, Wis. For several weeks in July, Fort McCoy archaeological team members with NRB and CSU held a special archaeological survey and dig on South Post. The team did their survey in the South Post Housing Area, which also happens to be the oldest areas of the installations origins where Camp Robinson and Camp Emery-Upton once were located. In the actual location of the survey, however, the team was looking at areas around old concrete tent pads that were once part of Camp Robinson.

The traditional art of painting on the water. Process of creating drawings in ebru technique.Paper marbling

Archaeology researcher in laboratory demonstrates how antler was used as tool in prehistory.

Female resin artist using simple tools to mix resin tint

Archaeology researcher in laboratory measuring antler with digital calliper.

PROCESO DE ESCANEADO TRIDIMENSIONAL DE LA PLACA GRABADA DE VILLALBA, EN EL MUSEO NUMANTINO. RETRATOS DE BAQUEDANO CON LA PIEZA.

Gina Caudill, A Raytheon Engine Technician contracted by the Air Force, performs an NDI (Non Destructive Inspection) on the titanium blades from the F110-GE-100 engine of the F-16 Viper. Gina is applying a flourescent coating that will show small cracks and flaws under a black light source. This took place at Avinao Air Base, Italy, on August 3rd 2000. Base: Aviano Air Base State: Pordenone Country: Italy (ITA)

Tissue samples from this rainbow trout and others in the Mat-Su valley were collected and analyzed as part of the National Wild Fish Health Survey. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Pathology Lab, Anchorage. Subjects: Fisheries management; Fishes; Work of the Service; Field Offices; Kenai Fishes and Wildlife Field Office; Kenai FO Gallery. . 1998 - 2011.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- United Space Alliance technician Larry Tanner uses a contour tool to determine the fit needed for the gap filler against the orbiters frame. Discovery is being processed in Orbiter Processing Facility Bay 3 at NASAs Kennedy Space Center. This work is being performed due to two gap fillers that were protruding from the underside of Discovery on the first Return to Flight mission, STS-114. New installation procedures have been developed to ensure the gap fillers stay in place and do not pose any hazard during the shuttle's re-entry to the atmosphere. Discovery is the scheduled orbiter for the second space shuttle mission in the return-to-flight sequence.

Western Whipsnake (Hierophis viridiflavus) adult, being marked by herpetologist cutting ventral scales, non-invasive recognition method, Italy

Scientist looking and stone samples in lab

Archaeologists reconstructing broken pottery in laboratory.

Ancient DNA analysis. Female scientist holding micro tube with sample in ancient DNA laboratory.

Scientist looking and stone samples in lab

Microorganisms in a jar with a special solution

Mosquitoes are captured and then placed in a container, such as the one seen here. Valuable information is then marked on the container prior to bringing them back to the lab where they are prepped and then shipped to San Antonio for testing.

Mosquitoes are captured and then placed in a container, such as the one seen here. Valuable information is then marked on the container prior to bringing them back to the lab where they are prepped and then shipped to San Antonio for testing.

Volunteer scientists and conservationists monitor migratory Rufous Hummingbirds (Selasphorus rufus) as a part of the Hummingbird Monitoring Network. Birds are aged, sexed, weighed

Ancient DNA analysis. Female scientist holding micro tube with sample in ancient DNA laboratory.

Centre for Pests Control at Racine (Wisconsin-USA). Room of beetles.

Global Warming

Many Medical leeches in a plastic bottle.Sucking leeches for veins cleaning in human body:procedure of hyrudotherapy,hirudotherapy(Medicinal leech therapy). Many Medical leech in a plastic bottle.Sucking leeches for veins cleaning in human body

Tucumcari, New Mexico, United States. Mesalands Dinosaur Museum.

Technical platform of the Inovie 34 laboratory . Staining of a malaria slide and diagnostic smear to rule out malaria in a patient. After reaction, the slide will be observed under the microscope by a biologist.

Epoxy and remedial tools are used to glue a satellite transmitter to a loggerhead sea turtle's carapace to track movements.

Biologist Robyn Worcester surveying bats in Stanley Park, British Columbia

Fish and Wildlife Service biologist conducts necropsy examination on dead loon to determine cause of death. Loons are often effected by lead poisoning and pesticides. Subjects: contaminants;ecological services;FWS Employees (USFWS); New Jersey; Resource management.

ISS018-E-015340 (25 Dec. 2008) --- Astronaut Sandra Magnus, Expedition 18 flight engineer, prepares to eat a Christmas meal at the galley in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

Astronaut Scott Kelly initiated VEG-01 B, the second crop of lettuce, on July, 8, 2015, and both Kelly and Astronaut Kjell Lindgren cared for the plants. The crop grew for 33 days. VEG-01 B included one set of six plant pillows planted with red romaine lettuce seeds. On Aug. 10, 2015, the crew harvested and consumed leaves from each plant. This was the first crop grown and consumed in NASA hardware. They harvested the rest of the plant tissue and froze it in the stations Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) for return to Earth for further study including microbial analysis, antioxidant capacity, mineral analysis and anthocyanin concentration.

Office of the Administrator (Lisa P. Jackson) - Grand Isle (BP Oil Spill) - Globs of oil taken from water at Grand Isle State Park, Grand Isle, LA., Sample for demonstration only, technitians avoid collecting oil in their test samples. USEPA photo by Eric Vance , Environmental Protection Agency

Afghanistan, Kabul, Cataloging the gold artifacts from Tillya Tepe find, six tombs of Bactrian nomads

American Natural History Museum, wall of biodiversity, New York,USA

Artifacts found by the Fort McCoy archaeology team members with the Colorado State Universitys (CSU) Center for Environmental Management of Military Lands who work in partnership with the Fort McCoy Directorate of Public Works Environmental Division Natural Resources Branch (NRB) during an archaeological survey July 14, 2022, are shown on South Post at Fort McCoy, Wis. For several weeks in July, Fort McCoy archaeological team members with NRB and CSU held a special archaeological survey and dig on South Post. The team did their survey in the South Post Housing Area, which also happens to be the oldest areas of the installations origins where Camp Robinson and Camp Emery-Upton once were located. In the actual location of the survey, however, the team was looking at areas around old concrete tent pads that were once part of Camp Robinson.

Giant fishing Spider milking in laboratory -Tropical America

High angle view of female goldsmith heating metal with welding torch to make jewelry at workshop

ISS023-E-036660 (10 May 2010) --- NASA astronaut T.J. Creamer, Expedition 23 flight engineer, services the Advanced Plant Experiments on Orbit-Cambium (APEX-Cambium) experiment in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A member of the recovery team examines with a magnifier the Growth of Bacterial Biofilm on Surfaces during Spaceflight (GOBBSS) experiment that was carried on mission STS-107 as part of the Commercial ITA Biomedical Experiments payload. He is part of a recovery team transferring experiments to alternate containers. GOBBSS was a Planetary Society-sponsored astrobiology experiment developed by the Israeli Aerospace Medical Institute and the Johnson Space Center Astrobiology Center, with joint participation of an Israeli and a Palestinian student. The recovery team includes Eran Schenker of the Israeli Aerospace Medical Institute; David Warmflash of JSC and Louis Friedman, executive director of the Planetary Society. The GOBBSS material will be sent to JSC where the science team will analyze the samples, studying the effects of spaceflight on bacterial growth.

Scientists and subsistence hunters with a beached Gray whale, Turnagain Arm, Alaska, USA

Strinati's Cave Salamander (Speleomantes strinatii) adult, being swabbed by herpetologist during chitrid fungus survey, Italy, october

November 27, 2008 - Not far away from this close-up scene of the galley on the Space Shuttle Endeavour were nine astronauts and a cosmonaut eager to share a Thanksgiving meal to top off almost two weeks of joint activities, including an involved home improvement project on the International Space Station.

Paleontologist cleaning a dinosaur bone. Royal Tyrrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta, Canada

Scientist studying a beetle in a lab

Entomologist office with Tools for Insect Collecting

Suture of a female Atlantic sturgeon after C-section

Daniel Perez, Ph.D., a graduate student from the University of Miami, displays a piece of the prototype structure for a new solid-state battery in the Prototype Laboratory at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The size of the battery is so small that it could be a prime candidate for use in microsatellites, including CubeSats. Researchers at Kennedy are collaborating with experts at the University of Miami. The university partnership is funded through the Small Spacecraft Technology Program, in NASA's Space Technology Mission Directorate.

Hands of agronomist examining soil in test tube at farm

Tucson, Arizona, Dr. Gregory Hess, chief medical examiner for Pima County, examines the skull of an unidentified migrant who died crossing the border from Mexico through the Arizona desert.

U-18572-12.jpg Spur measurement, fighting cocks, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain LicenseRF Copyright: xZoonar.com/BartomeuxBalaguerxRotgerx 23334013

NTS A87 944 SANDIA NATIONAL LABS U12G JAWS INITIAL INSTALLATION L CARRILLO (Project Engineer) JUL 28 87 EG&G/NTS PHOTO LAB Publication Date: 7/28/1987 CONTAMINATION; EDGERTON, GERMESHAUSEN & GRIER; EG&G; G-TUNNEL; INITIAL INSTALLATION; INSTALLATION; INSTRUMENTATION; INSTRUMENTS & EQUIPMENT; INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT; JAWS; METALS; NEVADA; NEVADA TEST SITE; NTS; NUCLEAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY; PIPES; RING SEAL; RUSTED METAL; RUSTY (COLOR); TEST SITES; TUNNELS; UGT; UNDERGROUND TESTING historical images. 1972 - 2012. Department of Energy. National Nuclear Security Administration. Photographs Related to Nuclear Weapons Testing at the Nevada Test Site.

Waco, Texas, Forensic scientist Dr. Lori Baker and her students at Baylor University work to identify the remains of unidentified migrants who died trying to enter the United States without legal documents. Most perished in a long, hot walk as they tried to evade a Border Patrol checkpoint 70 miles north of the border. Here, Dr. Baker shows a skull where the eyes were poked out by vultures.

Measuring radiation levels of vegetable

Medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis

Waco, Texas, Students in Dr. Lori Baker's lab at Baylor University work to identify the remains of unidentified migrants who died trying to enter the United States without legal documents. Most perished in a long, hot walk as they tried to evade a Border Patrol checkpoint 70 miles north of the border.

Illegal drug laboratory

Reportage in Descartes University, Paris, France where Vizua 3D is based. Vizua provides real-time 3D visualisations for doctors using imagery from patients. Doctors can then print these visualisations in 3D. Sample of 3D printing carried out by Vizua.

Galapagos Hawk Research. Scientists from the Charles Darwin Research Station ring (band) and take biological samples from hawks captured in the wild. Espanola Island, Ecuador

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A closeup of a sample piece from the leaking ground support liquid hydrogen vent line on the south side of the Mobile Launcher Platform. The leak in the line caused the launch of Space Shuttle Atlantis on mission STS-110 April 4 to be scrubbed. The Shuttle Mission Management Team rescheduled the launch for April 8.

Spaceward Bound event in the Mojave Deser , CA (an outreach exercise) with Dr Chris McKay and Ames Education department personnel Brian Day, Barbara Bazar and a accompaning (learning for the the classroom) team of teachers will be studying side-by-side with NASA scientists who search for life in extreme environments, closely approximating what they expect to find on other planets. Why the Mojave -- an inhospitable, sun-drenched spot in the California Desert This natural setting presents scientists with opportunities to study environments that are analogous to what explorers will find on the Moon and Mars. Teachers and scientists will perform scientific fieldwork in lunar geology, Mars astrobiology, Mars geology, and issues of temperature and solar inundation and radiation. for additional information and Outreach projects see http //quest.arc.nasa.gov/

Beekeeper in protective clothing adding Beevital Hiveclean, a natural treatment for honeybees against Varroa mites, to beehive

Installation of a transmitter on a green Anaconda Venezuela

Beekeper wearing protective suit at work, inspecting wooden beehive.

Veterinarian shoting a Galapagos giant Tortoise

Soil Testing - 26-HK-203-26. Hurricane Katrina

Student cleans the shells of baby turtles at the sea turtle hatchery

KSC WILDLIFE - TRACKING TRANSMITTERS BEING ATTACHED TO SEA TURTLES

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- In the Parachute Refurbishment Facility at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, workers pack the parachutes that will be used in the Ares I-X development flight in July 2009. The first stage of the new Ares I rocket and Orion spacecraft will use parachutes to return to Earth. Ares I-X is the test vehicle for the Ares I, which is part of the Constellation Program to return men to the moon and beyond. Ares I is the essential core of a safe, reliable, cost-effective space transportation system that eventually will carry crewed missions back to the moon, on to Mars and out into the solar system. Ares I may also use its 25-ton payload capacity to deliver resources and supplies to the International Space Station, or to "park" payloads in orbit for retrieval by other spacecraft bound for the moon or other destinations.

Scientist holding water sample in whirl pak

Astronaut Scott Kelly initiated VEG-01 B, the second crop of lettuce, on July, 8, 2015, and both Kelly and Astronaut Kjell Lindgren cared for the plants. The crop grew for 33 days. VEG-01 B included one set of six plant pillows planted with red romaine lettuce seeds. On Aug. 10, 2015, the crew harvested and consumed leaves from each plant. This was the first crop grown and consumed in NASA hardware. They harvested the rest of the plant tissue and froze it in the stations Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) for return to Earth for further study including microbial analysis, antioxidant capacity, mineral analysis and anthocyanin concentration.

Pinilla del Valle (Madrid), 06/09/2015. Archaeological sites of Pinilla del Valle. Neanderthal Valley Project. Photo: Isabel Permuy ARCHDC.

Beakers with liquid oxygen ready to be tested at Travis Air Force Base, California, Aug. 24, 2022. After the liquid oxygen evaporates, an odor test is conducted to ensure the quality of the order going out is good. Cryogenic storage is home to up to 26 thousand gallons of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen stored at negative 297 degrees.

Researchers work with wheat samples that are part of ground testing for the first International Space Station plant experiment, scheduled to fly in October 2001. From left are research scientist Oscar Monje and research technicians Lisa Ruffa and Ignacio Eraso. The payload process testing they are performing is one of many studies at the Biological Sciences Branch in the Spaceport Engineering and Technology Directorate at Kennedy Space Center. The branch's operations and research areas include life sciences Space Shuttle payloads, bioregenerative life-support for long-duration spaceflight and environmental/ecological stewardship

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Inside the RLV Hangar, a member of the Columbia Reconstruction Project Team examines a piece of Columbia debris from the sixth shipment from Barksdale Air Force Base, Shreveport, La., the receiving and shipping point for Columbia materials being sent to KSC for final identification. The team will attempt to reconstruct the orbiter as part of the investigation into the accident that caused the destruction of Columbia and loss of its crew as it returned to Earth on mission STS-107.

Soil Testing - 26-HK-203-25. Hurricane Katrina

Dissection of a nautilus for an instructional model

Surgical operation of Crocodile with broken jawbone

NASA Evolutionary Xenon Thruster - Commercial, NEXT-C Flight Power Processing Unit, PPU

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