Space Shuttle Control Rooms

Inside looks at astronauts operating various spacecraft controls and experiments during missions aboard shuttles, illustrating the complexity of space flight operations.

STS047-02-003 (12 - 20 Sept 1992) --- Astronaut N. Jan Davis, mission specialist, works at the Continuous Heating Furnace (CHF) in the Spacelab-J Science Module. This furnace provided temperatures up to 1,300 degrees Celsius and rapid cooling to two sets of samples concurrently. The furnace accommodated in-space experiments in the Fabrication of Si-As-Te Ni Ternary Amorphous Semiconductor and the Crystal Growth of Compound Semiconductors. These were two of the many experiments designed and monitored by Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA).

S65-13919 (15 Jan. 1965) --- Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., command pilot of the Gemini-6 prime crew, is pictured in the cockpit of the Gemini simulator at the Mission Control Center at Cape Kennedy, Florida.

STS061-23-037 (2-13 Dec 1993) --- ESA astronaut Claude Nicollier, mission specialist, is stationed on the Space Shuttle Endeavour's flight deck during one of the five Hubble Space Telescope (HST) servicing space walks. The controls for the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), which played an important role in the space walks, are left of frame center. Two space walkers can be seen through the aft windows.

STS-41 Mission Specialist (MS) William M. Shepherd uses Detailed Test Objective (DTO) Space Station Cursor Control Device Evaluation MACINTOSH portable computer on the middeck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. The computer is velcroed to forward lockers MF71C and MF71E. Surrounding Shepherd are checklists, the field sequential (FS) crew cabin camera, and a lighting fixture.

41D-06-013 (6 Sept 1984) --- Payload specialist Charles Walker works with the continuous flow electrophoresis systems (CFES) experiment, located in the middeck.

STS087-319-015 (19 November  5 December 1997) --- On the starboard side of the Space Shuttle Columbia's flight deck, astronaut Steven W. Lindsey, pilot, appears fully occupied with laptops to support flight operations for the 16-day mission in Earth-orbit. Several cameras and pieces of their supportive equipment have been temporarily stowed behind the pilot's station.

51D-06-015 (12-19 April 1985) --- Astronaut Jeffrey A. Hoffman and Rhea Seddon mission specialists, demonstrate the effect of weightlessness on a slinky toy in the mid-deck of the Space Shuttle Discovery.

S65-18695 (1965) --- View of the cockpit of the Gemini spacecraft.

STS064-06-028 (9-20 Sept. 1994) --- On the space shuttle Discovery's flight deck, two thirds of the crew prepare for one of four hard efforts (in a two-day period) to de-orbit and complete the extended spaceflight. Manning the commander's station and wearing one of the launch and entry suits is astronaut Richard N. Richards, STS-64 mission commander. At the pilot's station is astronaut Susan J. Helms, mission specialist. Astronaut L. Blaine Hammond, pilot, is at left foreground, and astronaut Carl J. Meade, mission specialist, is at left background in the hatch leading to the middeck.

STS047-02-003 (12 - 20 Sept 1992) --- Astronaut N. Jan Davis, mission specialist, works at the Continuous Heating Furnace (CHF) in the Spacelab-J Science Module. This furnace provided temperatures up to 1,300 degrees Celsius and rapid cooling to two sets of samples concurrently. The furnace accommodated in-space experiments in the Fabrication of Si-As-Te Ni Ternary Amorphous Semiconductor and the Crystal Growth of Compound Semiconductors. These were two of the many experiments designed and monitored by Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA).

STS075-772-057 (22 Feb.- 9 March 1996) --- Astronauts Jeffrey A. Hoffman (left) and Maurizio Cheli, representing European Space Agency (ESA), set up an experiment at the glovebox on the space shuttle Columbia's middeck. The two mission specialists joined three other astronauts and an international payload specialist for more than 16 days of research aboard Columbia.

STS077-307-017 (19-29 May 1996) --- Astronaut Marc Garneau, mission specialist, is pictured at the controls for the Remote Manipulator System (RMS) on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Garneau, representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and five other astronauts went on to spend almost ten days aboard Endeavour in support of the Spacehab 4 mission and a number of other payloads.

Scientist-Astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot of the Skylab 3 mission, is stationed at the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) console in the Multiple Docking Adapter of the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. From this console the astronauts actively control the ATM solar physics telescope.

STS079-348-004 (16 Sept. 1996) --- Soon after the space shuttle Atlantis completed its rocket mode ascent to Earth-orbit, astronaut Terrence W. Wilcutt, pilot, begins to ready the Orbiter for ten days of orbiting Earth by activating switches on the flight deck's right overhead panel. Though the launch was a nocturnal one, the crew experienced its first sunrise just after Atlantis achieved its orbital posture.

ISS005-E-19554 (2 November 2002) --- Cosmonaut Sergei Y. Treschev, Expedition Five flight engineer, works with various tools in the Unity node on the International Space Station (ISS). Treschev represents Rosaviakosmos.

Payload Commander, Bonnie Dunbar working onboard STS-50 USML-1

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Inside the SPACEHAB module at SPACEHAB, Cape Canaveral, Fla., Pilot William "Willie" McCool (kneeling) and Mission Specialist David Brown (standing, right) look over schematics. STS-107 is a research mission, and the primary payload is the first flight of the SHI Research Double Module (SHI/RDM). The experiments range from material sciences to life sciences (many rats). Among the experiments is a Hitchhiker carrier system, modular and expandable in accordance with payload requirements. STS-107 is scheduled to launch in June 2002

STS81-E-05107 (13 Jan. 1997) --- Astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, mission specialist, begins to activate a biorack glovebox aboard the Spacehab Double Module (DM) early on Day 2 of the mission. Grunsfeld is joined by five other NASA astronauts for the almost ten-day mission. The crew is scheduled to dock with Russia's Mir Space Station and pick up John E. Blaha, NASA astronaut who has been serving as a cosmonaut guest researcher since September 1996. Jerry M. Linenger (out of frame) will replace Blaha onboard Mir.

STS080-334-002 (19 Nov.-7 Dec. 1996) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Cockrell, STS-80 mission commander, looks through a window on the space shuttle Columbia's aft flight deck during rendezvous operations with the Wake Shield Facility (WSF).

STS042-05-037 (30 Jan 1992) --- Astronaut Ronald J. Grabe, STS-42 commander, exercises using MK1 Rowing Machine on the middeck of Discovery, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103. Grabe is using the exercise device as part of Development Test Objective (DTO) 653, Evaluation of MK1 Rowing Machine. The forward lockers appear at Grabe's right and the sleep station behind him.

STS047-05-025 (12 - 20 Sept 1992) --- Payload specialist Mamoru Mohri, representing Japan's National Space Development Agency (NASDA), uses a microscope to produce photomicrographs of mammalian cells. The mammal cell structure experiment is one of a large number of tests that were performed during the eight-day Spacelab-J mission. On his back, Dr. Mohri totes a health monitoring experiment. The primary objective of the physiological monitoring system is to observe the health condition of the Japanese payload specialist so that good health can be maintained during and after the spaceflight.

S66-39719 (18 June 1966) --- Astronaut Michael Collins, prime crew pilot for the Gemini-10 spaceflight, sits in Static Article 5 during water egress training activity onboard the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever. The SA-5 will be placed in the water; and he and astronaut John W. Young, command pilot, will then practice egress and water survival techniques as part of their training for the planned Gemini-10 spaceflight.

In the Operations and Checkout Building during final launch preparations, STS-93 Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby waits after donning his launch and entry suit while a suit tech adjusts his helmet. STS-93 is a five-day mission primarily to release the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which will allow scientists from around the world to study some of the most distant, powerful and dynamic objects in the universe. The new telescope is 20 to 50 times more sensitive than any previous X-ray telescope and is expected unlock the secrets of supernovae, quasars and black holes. The STS-93 crew numbers five: Commander Eileen M. Collins, Ashby, and Mission Specialists Stephen A. Hawley (Ph.D.), Catherine G. Coleman (Ph.D.) and Michel Tognini of France, with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). Collins is the first woman to serve as commander of a shuttle mission. STS-93 is scheduled to lift off at 12:36 a.m. EDT July 20. The target landing date is July 24 at 11:30 p.m. EDT

STS084-357-015 (15-24 May 1997) --- Astronaut Charles J. Precourt (right), STS-84 commander, controls the rate of the Space Shuttle Atlantis' approach to Russia's Mir Space Station during rendezvous operations. Carlos I. Noriega (left), Elena V. Kondakova (bottom center) and an unidentified crew member (far left) crowd into the scene -- typical of the busy rendezvous in-cabin scenarios on all Mir-Atlantis missions.

Launched on June 20, 1996, the STS-78 missions primary payload was the Life and Microgravity Spacelab (LMS), which was managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). During the 17 day space flight, the crew conducted a diverse slate of experiments divided into a mix of life science and microgravity investigations. In a manner very similar to future International Space Station operations, LMS researchers from the United States and their European counterparts shared resources such as crew time and equipment. Five space agencies (NASA/USA, European Space Agency/Europe (ESA), French Space Agency/France, Canadian Space Agency /Canada, and Italian Space Agency/Italy) along with research scientists from 10 countries worked together on the design, development and construction of the LMS. This photo represents payload specialist, Robert Thirsk, involved in an onboard experiment.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a Crew Equipment Interface Test, STS-112 Mission Specialist Piers Sellers (foreground) points to an engine line on Atlantis, the designated orbiter for the mission, while Commander Jeffrey Ashby (behind) looks on. STS-112 is the 15th assembly flight to the International Space Station and will be ferrying the S1 Integrated Truss Structure. The S1 truss is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. The S1 truss will be attached to the S0 truss. STS-112 is currently scheduled for launch Aug. 22, 2002

STS026-06-018 (29 Sept. - 3 Oct. 1988) --- Astronaut John M. Lounge, STS-26 mission specialist (MS), using a beverage container, experiments with microgravity as Commander Frederick H. Hauck (left) and MS David C. Hilmers (right) look on. Lounge freefloats as he closes in on a sphere of the red liquid drifting in front of his mouth. Hauck holds a spoon while sipping from a beverage container as he balances a meal tray assembly on his thighs. Hilmers, partially blocked by the open airlock hatch and holding a spoon and a can of food, pauses to watch the experiment. Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (ADSF) and forward middeck lockers appear on Lounge's right.

STS109-406-026 (1-12 March 2002) --- Astronaut James H. Newman, STS-109 mission specialist, works with Payload and General Support Computers (PGSC) on the mid deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia.

61A-01-032 (30 Oct-6 Nov 1985) --- West German Payload Specialist Ernst Messerschmid, foreground, opens a door on the materials science double rack (MSDR) to begin an experiment while Dutch Payload Specialist Wubbo J. Ockels performs a "run" on the vestibular sled in the background.

STS041-02-035 (6-10 Oct 1990) --- A fish-eye lens view shows two of STS-41's three mission specialists on the flight deck of Discovery. Astronaut William M. Shepherd, right, communicates with ground controllers as Astronaut Bruce E. Melnick looks on.

STS106-301-019 (8-20 September 2000) ---Astronaut Richard A. Mastracchio, STS-106 mission specialist, participates in the moving of supplies from the SPACEHAB Logistics Double Module on the Space Shuttle Atlantis to the International Space Station (ISS).

S67-50590 (1867) --- Astronaut Frank Borman, assigned duty as commander of the Apollo 8 mission, participates in a training exercise in the Apollo Mission simulator in the Mission Simulation and training Facility, Building 5, at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Neil A. Armstrong, commander for the Apollo 11 Moon-landing mission, practices for the historic event in a Lunar Module simulator in the Flight Crew Training Building at KSC. Accompanying Armstrong on the Moon flight will be Command Module Pilot Michael Collins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin E. Aldrin Jr.

STS102-319-005 (8-21 March 2001) --- Astronauts Andrew S. W. Thomas, mission specialist and James M. Kelly, pilot, are photographed in the U.S.-built Unity node of the International Space Station during the STS-102 mission.

S65-56205 (25 Oct. 1965) --- Astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot for the Gemini-7 spaceflight, looks over the Gemini-7 spacecraft during weight and balance tests. The tests are conducted in the Pyrotechnic Installation Building, Merritt Island, Kennedy Space Center, as part of preflight preparation.

STS005-15-588 (13 Nov. 1982) --- Astronaut Robert F. Overmyer, STS-5 pilot, enjoys a meal from a jury-rigged set-up in the middeck area of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Columbia. He wears a T-shirt and the trouser portion of a multi-piece constant wear garment. His feet are positioned in recently-rigged foot restraints to avoid involuntary movement in the micro-gravity environment of space. Behind Overmyer are components of the suit, including helmet, worn during landing and takeoff for shuttle flights. The trousers he is presently wearing are part of that attire.

STS087-385-029 (19 November  5 December 1997) --- Astronaut Kevin R. Kregel, mission commander, sets up the middeck glove box onboard the Space Shuttle Columbia during early hours of the 16-day United States Microgravity Payload 4 (USMP-4) mission. Kevin R. Kregel was joined by four other astronauts and a Ukrainian payload specialist for the mission.

ISS013-E-08021 (17 April 2006) --- Cosmonaut Pavel V. Vinogradov, Expedition 13 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, writes notes while using a communication system in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station.

In the Orbiter Processing Facility Bay 3, aboard the orbiter Columbia, STS-93 Mission Commander Eileen M. Collins listens to Mission Specialist Steven A. Hawley during the Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT). Collins is the first woman to serve as a mission commander on a shuttle flight. The CEIT provides an opportunity for crew members to check equipment and facilities that will be aboard the orbiter during their mission. The rest of the crew members are Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby, Mission Specialist Catherine G. Coleman, and Mission Specialist Michel Tognini of France. The STS-93 mission will deploy the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), which comprises three major elements: the spacecraft, the telescope, and the science instrument module (SIM). AXAF will allow scientists from around the world to obtain unprecedented X-ray images of a variety of high-energy objects to help understand the structure and evolution of the universe. Targeted date for the launch of STS-93 is March 1

JSC2000-04866 (19 May 2000) --- Equipped with a shuttle extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit, astronaut Daniel C. Burbank prepares to participate in an underwater spacewalk rehearsal in the Hydrolab facility at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia. Burbank, STS-106 mission specialist, was joined by astronaut Edward T. Lu (out of frame), for the simulation.

STS076-341-002 (22-31 March 1996)--- As astronaut Kevin P. Chilton looks on, cosmonaut Yury I. Onufrienko gives a thumbs up gesture, signifying successful docking operations between Russia's Mir Space Station and the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The Mir-21 and STS-76 commanders, respectively, earlier headed up the in-space effort which made possible the third link-up of Mir and Atlantis in Earth-orbit. With the delivery of astronaut Shannon W. Lucid to the Mir, the Mir-21 crew grew from two to three, as the mission specialist temporarily became a cosmonaut guest researcher. She is to spend approximately 140 days on Mir before returning to Earth.

S66-28583 (1 April 1966) --- The Gemini-10 prime crew undergoes zero-gravity egress training aboard a KC-135 Air Force plane. Astronaut John W. Young, command pilot, is on left. On the right is astronaut Michael Collins, pilot. The airplane, flying a parabolic curve, creates a weightless environment as a training exercise in preparation for spaceflight

STS080-337-026 (19 Nov.-7 Dec. 1996) --- Astronaut Thomas D. Jones, STS-80 mission specialist, uses the controls of the space shuttle Columbia's Remote Manipulator System (RMS) to conduct a test with the captured Wake Shield Facility (WSF) seen through window at frame center.

S79-28602 (2 March 1979) --- Astronaut candidate Guion S. Bluford and Aviation Safety Officer Charles F. Hayes got a unique perspective of their environment during a zero gravity flight. They are aboard a KC-135 aircraft, which flies a special pattern repeatedly to afford a series of 30-seconds-of-weightlessness sessions. Bluford and Hayes are being assisted by C. P. Stanley of the photography branch of the photographic technology division at Johnson Space Center (JSC). Some medical studies and a motion sickness experiment were conducted on this particular flight. Bluford is one of 20 scientist-astronaut candidates who began training at JSC in July of 1978.

NM18-308-037 (28 June 1995) --- Onboard Mir, cosmonaut Vladimir N. Dezhurov prepares to change batteries at a power supply station as part of the preparation for the next day's scheduled docking with the Space Shuttle Atlantis. This visual was one of many shown by the Mir-18 crew at a press conference on July 18 in Houston.

Astronauts Charles F. Bolden Jr. (left) and Kenneth S. Reightler, commander and pilot, respectively, for the STS-60 mission, rehearse some of their duties on the flight deck of the crew compartment trainer in JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory (50652); Astronaut N. Jan Davis, mission specialist for STS-60, gets assistance with her suit from Lockheed's Max Kandler during a training session at JSC's Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory. She is seated in the mission specialist station on the middeck mockup (50653).

STS077-392-033 (19-29 May 1996) --- Astronaut Marc Garneau, mission specialist, works at the Commercial Float Zone Furnace (CFZF) in the Spacehab Module onboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Garneau, representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), and five other astronauts went on to spend almost ten-days aboard Endeavour in support of the Spacehab 4 mission and a number of other payloads.

STS083-305-006 (4-8 April 1997) --- Astronaut Michael L. Gernhardt, mission specialist, talks to ground controllers while temporarily occupying the commander's station on the forward flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. Crewed by Gernhardt, four other NASA astronauts and two payload specialists, the scheduled 16-day Microgravity Science Mission (MSL-1) mission was later cut short by a power shortage.

STS071-102-027 (27 June - 7 July 1995) --- Onboard the Spacelab Science Module in the Space Shuttle Atlantis' cargo bay, four astronauts and a cosmonaut team up to collect data from Mir-18 crew members who have been aboard Russia's Mir Space Station for four months. Astronauts Ellen S. Baker (left), Gregory J. Harbaugh (top center) and Bonnie J. Dunbar, STS-71 mission specialists, are joined by astronaut Norman E. Thagard (right) and Vladimir N. Dezhurov (on bicycle ergometer) in the module. Dezhurov was Mir-18 commander and Thagard served as a cosmonaut researcher on the Mir-18 mission. The three STS-71 mission specialists lifted off aboard Atlantis on June 27, 1995, to participate in the historic link-up.

STS042-11-016 (30 Jan 1992) --- Astronaut Norman E. Thagard, STS-42 missions specialist and payload commander, and payload specialist Roberta L. Bondar are busily engaged with experiments in the International Microgravity Laboratory 1 (IML-1) Spacelab module. Bondar reads a checklist near the Rack 5 Biorack and glovebox while Thagard performs a VCR tape change-out. The Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS) (foreground) and shuttle middeck lockers are secured in IML-1's center aisle. In the background the open hatch and Spacelab tunnel interior are visible. Crewmembers enter and exit the IML-1 module via the Spacelab tunnel which connects to Discovery's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 103's, airlock.

S127-E-006283 (16 July 2009) --- Astronaut Mark Polansky, STS-127 commander, works on the aft flight deck of Space Shuttle Endeavour during flight day two activities.

STS-84 Mission Specialist Edward T. Lu prepares to enter the Space Shuttle Atlantis at Launch Pad 39A with help from white room closeout crew members. The fourth Shuttle mission of 1997 will be the sixth docking of the Space Shuttle with the Russian Space Station Mir. The commander is Charles J. Precourt. The pilot is Eileen Marie Collins. The five mission specialists are C. Michael Foale, Carlos I. Noriega, Edward Tsang Lu, Jean-Francois Clervoy of the European Space Agency and Elena V. Kondakova of the Russian Space Agency. The planned nine-day mission will include the exchange of Foale for U.S. astronaut and Mir 23 crew member Jerry M. Linenger, who has been on Mir since Jan. 15. Linenger transferred to Mir during the last docking mission, STS-81; he will return to Earth on Atlantis. Foale is slated to remain on Mir for about four months until he is replaced in September by STS-86 Mission Specialist Wendy B. Lawrence. During the five days Atlantis is scheduled to be docked with the

51B-03-037 (29 April-6 May 1985) --- Astronaut William E. Thornton (center frame), mission specialist, lends a helping hand to payload specialist Taylor G. Wang (partially visible at left) involved in serious repair work on the Drop Dynamics Module (DDM), an experiment of which he is principal investigator. The troubleshooting paid off and Dr. Wang later resumed studies with drop dynamics. Astronaut Don L. Lind, mission specialist, is in the background.

STS030-02-018 (4-8 May 1989) --- A 35mm overall scene of the operations devoted to the fluids experiment apparatus (FEA) aboard Atlantis for NASAs STS-30 mission. Astronaut Mary L. Cleave, mission specialist, is seen with the computer which is instrumental in the carrying out of a variety of materials science experiments. Rockwell International is engaged in a joint endeavor agreement with NASAs Office of Commercial Programs in the field of floating zone crystal growth and purification research. The March 1987 agreement provides for microgravity experiments to be performed in the companys Microgravity Laboratory, the FEA. An 8 mm camcorder which documented details inside the apparatus is visible at bottom of the frame.

ISS029-E-036135 (2 Nov. 2011) --- Russian cosmonaut Sergei Volkov (right) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency astronaut Satoshi Furukawa, both Expedition 29 flight engineers, are busy at work in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station during rendezvous and docking activities of the ISS Progress 45 supply vehicle. Progress 45 docked at the Pirs docking compartment at 7:41 a.m. (EDT) on Nov. 2, 2011.

S85-E-5046 (12 August 1997) --- Astronaut Stephen K. Robinson, mission specialist, makes observations with the Southwest Ultraviolet Imaging System (SWUIS) through the Space Shuttle Discovery's hatch window during flight day six. The photograph was taken with the Electronic Still Camera (ESC).

STS-94 Payload Specialist Roger K. Crouch is helped into his launch/entry suit by a suit technician in the Operations and Checkout (O&C) Building after the suit has been given a pressure test. He is the Chief Scientist of the NASA Microgravity Space and Applications Division. He also has served as a Program Scientist for previous Spacelab microgravity missions and is an expert in semiconductor crystal growth. Since Crouch has more than 25 years of experience as a materials scientist, he will be concentrating on the five physics of materials processing experiments in the Middeck Glovebox Facility on the Blue shift. He will also share the workload with Thomas by monitoring the materials furnace experiments during this time. Crouch and six fellow crew members will shortly depart the O&C and head for Launch Pad 39A, where the Space Shuttle Columbia will lift off during a launch window that opens at 1:50 p.m. EDT, July 1. The launch window was opened 47 minutes early to imp

STS-55 Commander Nagel and Pilot Henricks participate in KSC preflight tests .

STS085-316-026 (7 - 19 August 1997) --- Wearing a head band representing the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD) hardware several feet away in the open cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Discovery, astronaut N. Jan Davis, payload commander, performs MFD operations at the experiment's work station. This flight of the MFD is in preparation for the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Remote Manipulator System (RMS) Small Fine Arm (SFA).

STS081-372-035 --- On Russias Mir Space Station Base Block Module,astronaut Jerry M. Linenger, is pictured soon after assuming dutiesas cosmonaut guest researcher. This was the first donning of hisspace suit for Mir-22 duties. Linenger replaced astronaut John E.Blaha in the Mir support role. He will be replaced by astronaut C.Michael Foale when the Atlantis re-docks with Mir in May of thisyear.

STS112-337-036 (18 October 2002) --- A fish-eye lens on a 35mm camera records astronauts Jeffrey S. Ashby (left), STS-112 mission commander; Pamela A. Melroy, pilot; and David A. Wolf, mission specialist, on the forward flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Attired in their shuttle launch and entry suits, the crew prepares for the entry phase of the flight.

JSC2001-02992 (5 December 2001) --- Astronaut Kenneth D. Cockrell, STS-111 mission commander, occupies the commanders station during a mission training session in the Space Vehicle Mockup Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Cockrell is attired in a training version of the shuttle launch and entry garment. STS-111 will be the 14th shuttle mission to visit the International Space Station (ISS).

Apollo 8 astronaut William A. Anders, lunar module pilot, steps out of the centrifuge gondola in bldg 29 during centrifuge training in the Manned Spacecraft Center's (MSC) Flight Acceleration Facility.

STS040-31-020 (5-14 June 1991) --- During the nine-day mission, some of the crew slept in the SLS-1 module. Astronaut Rhea Seddon, using various restraints, sleeps horizontally in this scene. The image was one of 25 visuals used by the STS-40 crew at its Post Flight Press Conference (PFPC) on June 28, 1991.

STS-44 Mission Specialist (MS) James S. Voss works under the middeck subfloor of Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, to repair humidity separator leakage problems. Voss is surrounded by several water tanks and a maze of shuttle wiring and plumbing. Voss earned the nickname of Bilge Man because of his time spent on the lower deck tending to the leakage problem. This is the first photo released of a crewmember in this area of the shuttle.

STS005-03-110 (11-16 Nov. 1982) --- Astronaut William B. Lenoir, STS-5 mission specialist, holding a 70mm HASSELBLAD camera, observes scenery through viewing window on aft flight deck on orbit station. Window W7 appears overhead. Lenoir prepares to shoot Earth-looking scenes through window above his head.

ISS011-E-08465 (9 June 2005) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev, Expedition 11 commander representing Russia's Federal Space Agency, works on the Elektron oxygen-generation system in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS).

(7 - 19 August 1997) --- Wearing a head band representing the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD) hardware several feet away in the open cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Discovery, astronaut N. Jan Davis, payload commander, performs MFD operations at the experiment's work station. This flight of the MFD is in preparation for the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) Remote Manipulator System (RMS) Small Fine Arm (SFA)..

STS080-331-030 (19 Nov.-7 Dec. 1996) --- Astronauts Kent V. Rominger, STS-80 pilot, and Tamara E. Jernigan, mission specialist, perform a routine housekeeping chore during the space shuttle Columbia's record stay in Earth-orbit. The two are changing out the lithium hydroxide canisters beneath the middeck.

61C-05-026 (14 Jan. 1986) --- Astronaut George D. Nelson smiles for a fellow crew man's 35mm camera exposure while participating in the Comet Halley active monitoring program (CHAMP). Camera equipment and a protective shroud used to eliminate all cabin light interference surround the mission specialist. This is the first of three 1986 missions which are scheduled to monitor the rare visit by the comet. The principal investigators for CHAMP are S. Alan Stern of the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado; and Dr. Stephen Mende of Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory.

STS040-17-003 (5-14 June 1991) --- Astronauts Rhea Seddon and Bryan D. O'Connor share a 15 ft. length of teleprinter messages aboard Columbia. During the nine-day Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) mission, the STS-40 crewmembers received a large volume of similar print-outs from ground controllers. Using foot restraints, the two obviously expect their perusing to take awhile. This middeck scene was photographed with a 35mm camera.

STS076-312-022 (22 - 31 March 1996) --- Astronaut Ronald M. Sega, payload commander, works in the glovebox facility in the Spacehab laboratory aboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis. The Spacehab facility was one of the busier research areas on Atlantis during the STS-76 mission. Also, some of the gear for transfer to Russia's Mir Space Station was stowed there prior to the March 23, 1996 docking of Atlantis and Mir.

S66-28114 (1 April 1966) --- Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, undergoes zero-gravity egress training. A KC-135 Air Force plane, flying a parabolic curve, creates a weightless environment as a training exercise in preparation for spaceflight.

STS073-105-011 (20 October-5 November 1995) --- Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman, STS-73 mission specialist, settles in for a session of work at the glovebox on the starboard side of the United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) module. Coleman was joined by four other NASA astronauts and two guest researchers for almost 16 days of research aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in Earth-orbit.

STS037-45-012 (10 April 1991) --- Astronauts Linda M. Godwin and Jerome (Jay) Apt sort out the special partial-pressure garments for landing (and ascent) as the end of their mission in space approaches. The suits are stored on the Space Shuttle Atlantis' mid-deck. The scene was photographed with a 35mm camera. This was one of the visuals used by the crew members during their April 19 Post Flight Press Conference (PFPC) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC).

On the Space Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis' middeck, Astronaut Joseph R. Tarner, mission specialist, works at an area amidst several lockers which support the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) experiment during the STS-66 mission. This particular section is called the Crystal Observation System, housed in the Thermal Enclosure System (COS/TES). Together with the Vapor Diffusion Apparatus (VDA), housed in Single Locker Thermal Enclosure (SLTES), the COS/TES represents the continuing research into the structure of proteins and other macromolecules such as viruses.

S88-E-5159 (12-14-98) --- Less than 48-hours prior to the completion of their 11-day mission in Earth orbit, two of the seven STS-88 crew members are pictured on Endeavour's middeck. They are James H. Newman (left) and Sergei K. Krikalev, both mission specialists. Krikalev represents the Russian Space Agency (RSA) and has been named to the first ISS crew. Newman earlier had joined astronaut Jerry L. Ross on three space walks to perform a number of tasks to ready the first components of ISS. The photo was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 03:00:43, Dec. 14.

STS080-345-008 (19 Nov.-7 Dec. 1996) --- Continuing with a heavy agenda of middeck science, astronaut Tamara E. Jernigan, STS-80 mission specialist, works with the Capillary Pumped Loop (CPL) experiment while astronaut Kent V. Rominger, pilot, offers a hand.

STS076-461-010 (22-31 March 1996) --- The STS-76 crew took this 70mm picture of Russia's Mir-21 mission commander Yury I. Onufrienko using a video camera on the Base Block Module of Russia's Mir Space Station. The STS-76 crew docked the Space Shuttle Atlantis with the Mir Space Station on March 23, 1996, at which time astronaut Shannon W. Lucid (out of frame) joined Onufrienko and the mission's flight engineer, Yury V. Usachev, to begin the first leg of a 140-day stay aboard Mir, as a cosmonaut guest researcher.

KC-135 inflight training of the STS-30/61B Crew for suit donning doffing and Zero-G orientation for Rudolfo Neri, Astronaut Mary Cleave, and Ricardo Peralta, Backup Neri. 1. Astronaut Cleave, Mary - Zero-G 2. Neri, Rodolfo - Zero-G 3. Peralta, Ricard - Zero-G

S106-E-5226 (15 September 2000) --- Astronaut Daniel C. Burbank, mission specialist, temporarily occupies thecommander's station on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis during late Flight Day 6 activity.

Navy electronic and optical company (MeOB) on board to work on a display tube in the command center of an S-FRegat in June 1989.

STS056-04-004 (8-17 April 1993) --- Aboard Discovery, Astronaut Stephen S. Oswald, Pilot, talks to amateur radio operators on Earth via the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX). SAREX was established by NASA, the American Radio League/Amateur Radio Satellite Corporation and the Johnson Space Center Amateur Radio Club to encourage public participation in the space program through a program to demonstrate the effectiveness of conducting short-wave radio transmissions between the Shuttle and ground-based radio operators at low-cost ground stations with amateur and digital techniques. As on several previous missions, SAREX was used on this flight as an educational opportunity for students around the world to learn about space firsthand by speaking directly to astronauts aboard the Shuttle.

STS099-330-034 (11-22 February 2000) ---Astronaut Janice Voss, a member of theBlue Team portion of 24-hour SRTM support, is pictured on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour.

STS079-362-023 (16-26 Sept. 1996) --- Astronaut Carl E. Walz, mission specialist, positions the IMAX camera for a shoot on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The IMAX project is a collaboration among NASA, the Smithsonian Institution's National Air and Space Museum, IMAX Systems Corporation and the Lockheed Corporation to document in motion picture format significant space activities and promote NASA's educational goals using the IMAX film medium. This system, developed by IMAX of Toronto, uses specially designed 65mm cameras and projectors to record and display very high definition color motion pictures which, accompanied by six-channel high fidelity sound, are displayed on screens in IMAX and OMNIMAX theaters that are up to ten times larger than a conventional screen, producing a feeling of "being there." The 65mm photography is transferred to 70mm motion picture films for showing in IMAX theaters. IMAX cameras have been flown on 14 previous missions.

51B-101-025 (29 April-6 May 1985) --- A new twist to the traditional on-orbit group portrait was added by the 51-B/Spacelab 3 crewmembers. Note the Gold T-shirts of Gold team members Robert F. Overmyer (bottom left), Don L. Lind (behind Overmyer), William E. Thornton (bottom right) and Taylor G. Wang (behind Thornton). Posting upside down are silver team members (L-R) Frederick D. Gregory, Norman E. Thagard and Lodewijk van den Berg. The seven are in the Long Science Module for Spacelab 3 in the cargo bay of the earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger.

IVA prep for the Mir 24 crew, possibly commander Anatoly Solovyev floating into the Base Block module ca. 1997.

STS099-312-034 (11-22 February 2000) ---Astronaut Janet L. Kavandi, mission specialist, works with camera equipment on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavour.

STS043-04-038 (2-11 Aug 1991) --- Astronaut James C. Adamson, STS-43 mission specialist, checks on an experiment on Atlantis flight deck. Part of the experiment, Optical Communications Through the Shuttle Window (OCTW), can be seen mounted in upper right. The OCTW system consists of two modules, one inside the orbiter crew cabin (as pictured here) and one in the payload bay. The crew compartment version houses an optoelectronic transmitter/receiver pair for video and digital subsystems, test circuitry and interface circuitry. The payload bay module serves as a repeater station. During operation a signal is transmitted through the shuttle window to a bundle of optical fiber cables mounted in the payload bay near an aft window. The cables carry optical signals from the crew compartment equipment to the OCTW payload bay module. The signals are returned via optical fiber cable to the aft flight deck window, retransmitted through the window, and received by the crew compartment equip

S94-40090 (23 June 1994) --- Astronauts Donald R. McMonagle, left, and Curtis L. Brown man the commander's and pilot's stations, respectively, during a rehearsal of ascent and entry phases of their scheduled November 1994 flight aboard Atlantis. Three other NASA astronauts and a European mission specialist joined the two for this training exercise in the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory and will join them aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in November. The flight is manifest to support the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) mission.

The primary purpose of the Spacelab-3 mission was to conduct materials science experiments in a stable low-gravity environment. In addition, the crew performed research in life sciences, fluid mechanics, atmospheric science, and astronomy. Spacelab-3 was equipped with several new minilabs, special facilities that would be used repeatedly on future flights. Two elaborate crystal growth furnaces, a life support and housing facility for small animals, and two types of apparatus for the study of fluids were evaluated on their inaugural flight. In this photograph, astronaut Don Lind observes the mercuric iodide growth experiment through a microscope at the vapor crystal growth furnace. The goals of this investigation were to grow near-perfect single crystals of mercuric iodide and to gain improved understanding of crystal growth by a vapor process. Mercuric iodide crystals have practical use as sensitive x-ray and gamma-ray detectors, and in portable detector devices for nuclear power plant

STS106-373-004 (8-20 September 2000) ---Three members of the STS-106 crew move the treadmill device. They are (counterclockwise from bottom) astronaut Edward T. Lu and cosmonaut Boris V. Morukov, both mission specialists,along with astronaut Scott D. Altman, pilot.

STS081-360-003 (12-22 Jan. 1997) --- Astronaut John M. Grunsfeld performs an inflight maintenance (IFM) task to re-activate power cables connected to experiments in the Spacehab Double Module (DM), onboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis.

STS060-21-027 (3-11 Feb 1994) --- Astronaut Ronald M. Sega (left) and Russian cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev work on a joint U.S./Russian metabolic experiment on the Space Shuttle Discovery's middeck. A number of other U.S./Russian cooperative Detailed Supplementary Objectives (DSO) are included among the experiments conducted on the eight-day mission.

S68-55272 (15 Nov. 1968) --- The Apollo 9 prime crew is seen inside the Apollo 9 spacecraft in the Kennedy Space Center's Manned Spacecraft Operations Building during manned altitude chamber test activity. Left to right, are astronauts James A. McDivitt, commander; David R. Scott, command module pilot; and Russell L. Schweickart (out of view to far right), lunar module pilot.

STS088-332-010 (4-15 Dec. 1998) --- Cosmonaut Sergei K. Krikalev (left), mission specialist representing the Russian Space Agency (RSA), and astronaut Robert D. Cabana mission commander, plan their approach to tasks as they huddle at an internal hatch in the Russian built FGB, also called Zarya. All six STS-88 crew members were involved in tasks to ready Zarya and the now-connected U.S. Node 1, also called Unity, for their International Space Station (ISS) roles. Krikalev has been named as a member of the first ISS crew.

STS091-349-005 (2-12 June 1998) --- Astronaut Janet L. Kavandi, mission specialist, performs a check of the Orbiter Space Vision Systems (OSVS) on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Discovery.

STS039-11-027 (28 April-6 May 1991) --- Astronaut Michael L. Coats, STS-39 mission commander, is seen in a close-up 35mm frame on the aft flight deck of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Discovery. Out the overhead window, the SPAS-II hovers on the end of the remote manipulator system (RMS, out of frame). Inside the window, just above Coats' head is the Crewman Optical Alignment Sight (COAS), an optical device that aids in navigation.

STS105-308-029 (15 August 2001) --- Astronauts and cosmonauts representing three different crews are just about to share a meal in the Zvezda Service Module on the International Space Station (ISS). Scott J. Horowitz, STS-105 mission commander, opens a can of food as he floats near the ceiling.Others from the left are astronaut Susan J. Helms, Expedition Two flight engineer; Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., Expedition Three commander; Yury V. Usachev, Expedition Two commander; James S. Voss, Expedition Two flight engineer and Vladimir N. Dezhurov, Expedition Three flight engineer. Not pictured are Daniel T. Barry, STS-105 mission specialist; Frederick W. (Rick) Sturckow, STS-105 pilot; Patrick G. Forrester, STS-105 mission specialist; and Mikhail Tyurin, Expedition Three flight engineer. Dezhurov, Tyurin and Usachev represent Rosaviakosmos.

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