Space Shuttle Crew Activities

Images illustrating NASA crew members in various operational settings related to Space Shuttle missions, featuring blue jumpsuits and equipment interactions.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., STS-101 crew members check out some of the cargo that will be carried on their mission. From left are Mission Specialists Boris W. Morukov, who is with the Russian Space Agency (RSA), Jeffrey N. Williams, and Yuri Malenchenko, also with RSA. Other crew members are Commander James Donald Halsell Jr., Pilot Scott J. "Doc" Horowitz (Ph.D.) and Mission Specialists Mary Ellen Weber, (Ph.D.) and Edward Tsang Lu (Ph.D.). The primary objective of the STS-101 mission is to complete the initial outfitting of the International Space Station, making it fully ready for the first long-term crew. The seven-member crew will transfer almost two tons of equipment and supplies from SPACEHAB's Logistics Double Module. Additionally, they will unpack a shipment of supplies delivered earlier by a Russian Progress space tug and begin outfitting the newly arrived Zvezda Service Module. Three astron

After exiting the Crew Transport Vehicle, the STS-102 crew gathers under Discovery for a walk-around. From left are Pilot James Kelly, Mission Specialist Andy Thomas, Commander James Wetherbee and Mission Specialist Paul Richards. The crew landed at the KSC Shuttle Landing Facility at 2:31 a.m. EST aboard Discovery following a 12-day, 19-hour, 49-minute mission to the International Space Station

The STS-102 crew poses in the White Room outside the orbiter Discovery on Launch Pad 39B. Kneeling in front are Mission Specialists Susan Helms, Yury Usachev and James Voss. Standing behind them are Mission Specialists Paul Richards and Andrew Thomas, Commander James Wetherbee and Pilot James Kelly. The crew is taking part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include emergency exit training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-102 is the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station, with Space Shuttle Discovery carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Voss, Helms and Usachev are the Expedition Two crew who will be the second resident crew on the International Space Station. They will replace Expedition One, who will return to Earth with Discovery. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During a Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) at SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., STS-101 crew members check out some of the cargo that will be carried on their mission. From left are Mission Specialists Boris W. Morukov, who is with the Russian Space Agency (RSA), Jeffrey N. Williams, and Yuri Malenchenko, also with RSA. Other crew members are Commander James Donald Halsell Jr., Pilot Scott J. "Doc" Horowitz (Ph.D.) and Mission Specialists Mary Ellen Weber, (Ph.D.) and Edward Tsang Lu (Ph.D.). The primary objective of the STS-101 mission is to complete the initial outfitting of the International Space Station, making it fully ready for the first long-term crew. The seven-member crew will transfer almost two tons of equipment and supplies from SPACEHAB's Logistics Double Module. Additionally, they will unpack a shipment of supplies delivered earlier by a Russian Progress space tug and begin outfitting the newly arrived Zvezda Service Module. Three astron

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Members of the STS-114 crew spend time becoming familiar with Shuttle and mission equipment. Mission Specialists Soichi Noguchi (left) and Andrew Thomas (center) look at an engine eyelet, which serves as part of the thermal protection system on an orbiter. Noguchi is with the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The mission is Logistics Flight 1, which is scheduled to deliver supplies and equipment and the external stowage platform to the International Space Station.

In the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) bay 1, STS-103 crew members look over equipment to be used on planned Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) on the mission for repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. They are taking part in a Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) at KSC. From left are Mission Specialists C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.) Claude Nicollier of Switzerland, and Steven L. Smith. Other crew members at KSC for the CEIT are Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Pilot Scott J. Kelly, and Jean-François Clervoy of France. Nicollier and Clervoy are with the European Space Agency. Mission STS-103 is a "call-up" due to the need to replace portions of the pointing system, the gyros, which have begun to fail on the Hubble Space Telescope. Although Hubble is operating normally and conducting its scientific observations, only three of its six gyroscopes are working properly. The gyroscopes allow the telescope to point at stars, galaxies and planets. The STS-103 crew will not

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Inside the Orbiter Processing Facility Bay 1, STS-88 Mission Specialists Sergei Krikalev (left), a Russian cosmonaut; and James H. Newman look over equipment for their upcoming flight. The STS-88 crew members are participating in a Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT), familiarizing themselves with the orbiter's midbody and crew compartments. Targeted for liftoff on Dec. 3, 1998, STS-88 will be the first Space Shuttle launch for assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). The primary payload is the Unity connecting module which will be mated to the Russian-built Zarya control module, expected to be already on orbit after a November launch from Russia. The first major U.S.-built component of ISS, Unity will serve as a connecting passageway to living and working areas of the space station. Unity has two attached pressurized mating adapters (PMAs) and one stowage rack installed inside. PMA-1 provides the permanent connection point between Unity and Zar

STS-100 Mission Specialists Scott Parazynski (left) and Yuri Lonchakov, who is with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, look over equipment that will be used during their mission. They are taking part in a Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) at KSC, along with other crew members Commander Kent V. Rominger, Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby and Mission Specialists Chris Hadfield, who is with the Canadian Space Agency, John L. Phillips and Umberto Guidoni, who is with the European Space Agency. The orbiter is also carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello to the International Space Station. Raffaello carries six system racks and two storage racks for the U.S. Lab. Launch of mission STS-100 is scheduled for April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A

41C-07-262 (6-13 April 1984) --- Automatic exposure on a stationary 35mm camera recorded this "team" photograph of the 41-C astronauts at the aft flight deck of the Earth orbiting Challenger. Astronauts Robert L. Crippen, right, crew commander; and Francis R. (Dick) Scobee, left, pilot, flank the mission specialists--(l-r) George D. Nelson, James D. van Hoften and Terry J. Hart. This picture was among 20 frames of 41-C photography released by NASA on the weekend following the April 13 landing at Edwards Air Force Base and it was used as one of the visuals at the April 24 post-flight press conference. .

At Launch Pad 39-B, the STS-95 crew gather in the white room, an environmental chamber that mates with the orbiter and can provide emergency egress for the flight crew before launch. The white room is the outer end of the orbiter access arm, which is part of the fixed service structure on the pad. Pictured are (left to right) Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski, Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown, Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr. (seated), senator from Ohio, Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai (behind Glenn), representing the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, representing the European Space Agency (ESA), and Pilot Steven W. Lindsey. The STS-95 crew are at KSC to participate in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) which includes mission familiarization activities, emergency egress training, and a simulated main engine cut-off exercise. The STS-95 mission, targeted for liftoff o

The STS-84 crew pose for a group photograph in front of the crew hatch of the Space Shuttle Atlantis at Launch Pad 39A. In the front row, from left, are Mission Specialists C. Michael Foale, Elena V. Kondakova of the Russian Space Agency, and Edward Tsang Lu; and Pilot Eileen Marie Collins. In the back row, from left, are Mission Specialist Jean-Francois Clervoy of the European Space Agency, Commander Charles J. Precourt and Mission Specialist Carlos I. Noriega. They are at KSC to participate in the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT), a dress rehearsal for launch. STS-84 will be the sixth docking of the Space Shuttle with the Russian Space Station Mir. After docking, Foale will transfer to the space station and become a member of the Mir 23 crew, replacing U.S. astronaut Jerry M. Linenger, who will return to Earth aboard Atlantis. Foale will live and work on Mir until mid-September when his replacement is expected to arrive on the STS-86 mission. STS-84 is targeted for a May

S86-30460 (9 Jan. 1986) --- NASA's STS-51L crew members pose for photographs during a break in countdown training at the White Room, Launch Complex 39, Pad B. Left to right are Teacher-in-Space payload specialist Sharon Christa McAuliffe; payload specialist Gregory Jarvis; and astronauts Judith A. Resnik, mission specialist; Francis R. (Dick) Scobee, mission commander; Ronald E. McNair, mission specialist; Mike J. Smith, pilot; and Ellison S. Onizuka, mission specialist. EDITOR'S NOTE The STS-51L crew lost their lives in an explosion, onboard the space shuttle Challenger, following launch Jan. 28, 1986.

Views of STS-51E PS Patrick Baudry during Zero-G Training Flights. 1. STS-51E - CREW TRAINING

S99-08674 (24 May 1999) --- Three members of the third HST servicing mission's crew share a light moment while waiting to participate in emergency bailout training in the Johnson Space Center's Systems Integration Facility.From the left are astronauts Scott J. Kelly, C. Michael Foale and Jean-Francois Clervoy. Clervoy is a mission specialist representing the European Space Agency (ESA); Foale is a mission specialist; and Kelly, the STS-103 pilot.

STS-95 Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr. and Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson watch the progress of the slidewire basket, an emergency egress vehicle, Glenn released at the 195-foot level of Launch Pad 39-B. The STS-95 crew are at KSC to participate in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) which includes mission familiarization activities, emergency egress training, and a simulated main engine cut-off exercise. Other crew members are Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski, Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, representing the European Space Agency (ESA), Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, representing the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), and Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown. The STS-95 mission, targeted for liftoff on Oct. 29, includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform, the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker, as w

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-93 crew pose in front of the Space Shuttle orbiter Columbia following their landing on runway 33 at the Shuttle Landing Facility. Main gear touchdown occurred at 11:20:35 p.m. EDT on July 27. From left to right, they are Mission Specialists Catherine G. Coleman (Ph.D.) and Steven A. Hawley (Ph.D.), Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby, Commander Eileen Collins, and Mission Specialist Michel Tognini of France, with the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). The mission's primary objective was to deploy the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which will allow scientists from around the world to study some of the most distant, powerful and dynamic objects in the universe. This was the 95th flight in the Space Shuttle program and the 26th for Columbia. The landing was the 19th consecutive Shuttle landing in Florida and the 12th night landing in Shuttle program history. On this mission, Collins became the first woman to serve as a Shuttle commander

(Left to right) Center Director Roy Bridges welcomes STS-95 Mission Specialists Scott E. Parazynski, Pedro Duque of Spain, representing the European Space Agency (ESA), and Stephen K. Robinson (far right) after their arrival aboard T-38 jet aircraft at the Shuttle Landing Facility at KSC. Standing between Duque and Robinson is Dolores Green, NASA. The STS-95 crew are at KSC to participate in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT). The TCDT includes mission familiarization activities, training in emergency exit from the orbiter and launch pad, and a simulated main engine cut-off exercise. The other members on the mission are Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey; and Payload Specialists Chiaki Mukai, representing the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), and John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio. The STS-95 mission, scheduled for liftoff on Oct. 29, includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble

At Launch Pad 39-B, at the 195-foot level, STS-95 crew members learn about the slidewire basket, lower right, that is part of the emergency egress system from the orbiter before launch. Shown are (left to right) Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, representing the European Space Agency (ESA), Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, representing the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, and Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown. The STS-95 crew are at KSC to participate in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) which includes mission familiarization activities, emergency egress training, and a simulated main engine cut-off exercise. The STS-95 mission, targeted for liftoff on Oct. 29, includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems

At the SPACEHAB Facility, STS-96 Mission Specialist Ellen Ochoa and Commander Kent Rominger pause during a payload Interface Verification Test (IVT) for their upcoming mission to the International Space Station. Other crew members at KSC for the IVT are Pilot Rick Husband and Mission Specialists Tamara Jernigan, Dan Barry, Julie Payette and Valery Tokarev of Russia. Mission STS-96 carries the SPACEHAB Logistics Double Module, which will have equipment to further outfit the International Space Station service module and equipment that can be off-loaded from the early U.S. assembly flights. It carries internal logistics and resupply cargo for station outfitting, plus an external Russian cargo crane to be mounted to the exterior of the Russian station segment and used to perform space walking maintenance activities. The double module stowage provides capacity of up to 10,000 lbs. with the ability to accommodate powered payloads, four external rooftop stowage locations, four double-rack lo

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Orbiter Processing Facility Bay 1, STS-88 Mission Specialists (left to right) Jerry L. Ross; Sergei Krikalev, a cosmonaut from Russia; and James H. Newman examine equipment that will be on the Space Shuttle Endeavour during their upcoming flight. Launch of Mission STS-88 is targeted for Dec. 3, 1998. The STS-88 crew members are participating in a Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT), familiarizing themselves with the orbiter's midbody and crew compartments. Other crew members are Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow and Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie. STS-88 will be the first Space Shuttle launch for assembly of the International Space Station (ISS). The primary payload is the Unity connecting module which will be mated to the Russian-built Zarya control module, expected to be already on orbit after a November launch from Russia. The first major U.S.-built component of ISS, Unity will serve as a connecting passageway to

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The STS-116 crew poses outside the SPACEHAB module during training. In the rear are Commander Terrence Wilcutt and Mission Specialist Christer Fuglesang;; in front are Pilot William Oefelein and Mission Specialist Robert Curbeam. Objective of their mission to the International Space Station is to deliver and attach the third port truss segment, the P5 Truss, deactivate and retract the P6 Truss Channel 4B (port-side) solar array, and reconfigure station power from 2A and 4A solar arrays. A launch date is under review.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the SPACEHAB Facility for a payload Interface Verification Test (IVT) for their upcoming mission to the International Space Station are (left to right) Mission Specialists Valery Tokarev, Julie Payette (holding a lithium hydroxide canister) and Dan Barry. Other crew members at KSC for the IVT are Commander Kent Rominger, Pilot Rick Husband and Mission Specialists Ellen Ochoa and Tamara Jernigan. Mission STS-96 carries the SPACEHAB Logistics Double Module, which has equipment to further outfit the International Space Station service module and equipment that can be off-loaded from the early U.S. assembly flights. The SPACEHAB carries internal logistics and resupply cargo for station outfitting, plus an external Russian cargo crane to be mounted to the exterior of the Russian station segment and used to perform space walking maintenance activities. The double module stowage provides capacity of up to 10,000 lbs. with the ability to accommodate powered pay

The crew assigned to the STS-70 mission included (front left to right) Kevin R. Kregel, pilot; Nancy J. Currie, mission specialist; Terrence T, Henricks, commander; Mary Ellen Weber, mission specialist, and Donald A. Thomas, mission specialist. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on July 13,9 41 55.078 am (EDT), the STS-70 missions primary payload was the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite-G (TDRS-G).

STS-95 Pilot Steven W. Lindsey and Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski look at equipment being used in an experiment with toadfish on the mission. The fish will be electronically monitored to determine the effect of gravitational changes on the inner-ear system. Lindsey and Parazynski and other crewmembers were making final preparations for launch, targeted for liftoff at 2 p.m. on Oct. 29. The STS-95 crew also includes Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Mission Specialists Stephen K. Robinson and Pedro Duque, with the European Space Agency (ESA), Payload Specialists John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, and Chiaki Mukai, with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), ). The mission is expected to last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, returning to KSC at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7

STS-95 crew members greet their families from Launch Pad 39B. From left, they are Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski, Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., and Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, with the European Space Agency (ESA). The crew were making final preparations for launch, targeted for liftoff at 2 p.m. on Oct. 29. The mission is expected to last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, returning to KSC at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - During Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, the STS-114 crew gets instructions about the White Room they are in. It is the point of entry into Space Shuttle Discovery. The crew, from left, are Commander Eileen Collins and Mission Specialists Charles Camarda, Wendy Lawrence, Soichi Noguchi and Stephen Robinson. Not seen are Pilot James Kelly and Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas. The TCDT is held at KSC prior to each Space Shuttle flight. It provides the crew of each mission an opportunity to participate in simulated countdown activities. The test ends with a mock launch countdown culminating in a simulated main engine cutoff. The crew also spends time undergoing emergency egress training exercises at the launch pad. STS-114 is designated the first Return to Flight mission, with a launch window extending from July 13 to July 31.

Inside the bunker at Launch Pad 39B, a trainer explains the use of an air pack to some of the STS-97 crew. At left is Commander Brent Jett; then Pilot Mike Bloomfield and Mission Specialists Carlos Noriega and Marc Garneau (far right). The training is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown and opportunities for the crew to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiters payload bay. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes the P6 Integrated Truss Structure and a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission includes two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is scheduled to launch Nov. 30 at 10:05 p.m. EST

S93-38675 (20 July 1993) --- Wearing training versions of the partial pressure launch and entry garment, astronauts Richard A. Searfoss (left), pilot, and John E. Blaha, mission commander, prepare for a training exercise. The two, along with the four other NASA astronauts and a visiting payload specialist asssigned to the seven-member crew, later rehearsed contingency evacuation procedures. Most of the training session took part in the crew compartment and full fuselage trainers in the Space Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory.

KSCs PAO videographer, Glenn Benson (left) and STS-100 Pilot Jeffrey S. Ashby pose in front of the Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, in the Space Station Processing Facility. The STS-100 crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities that include emergency escape training at the pad and a simulated launch countdown. The mission is carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello and the SSRMS, to the International Space Station. Raffaello carries six system racks and two storage racks for the U.S. Lab. The SSRMS is crucial to the continued assembly of the orbiting complex. Launch of mission STS-100 is scheduled for April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A

STS-89 Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas, Ph.D., prepares to enter the Space Shuttle Endeavour at Launch Pad 39A with help from white room closeout crew members as part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT is held at KSC prior to each Space Shuttle flight to provide crews with an opportunity to participate in simulated countdown activities. The STS-89 mission will be the eighth docking of the Space Shuttle with the Russian Space Station Mir. After docking, Dr. Thomas will transfer to the space station, succeeding David Wolf, M.D., who will return to Earth aboard Endeavour. Dr. Thomas will live and work on Mir until June. STS-89 is scheduled for a Jan. 22 liftoff at 9:48 p.m

October 13, 2003. Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan. European Space Agency Astronaut Pedro Duque of Spain (left), Expedition 8 Soyuz Commander Alexander Kaleri (center) and Expedition 8 Commander and NASA Science Officer Mike Foale (right) receive a briefing on the operation of a satellite phone during prelaunch training Oct. 13, 2003 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The trio will be launched to the International Space Station on a Soyuz TMA-3 vehicle on Oct. 18.

STS063-S-002 (November 1994) --- With the United States and Russian flags in the background, five NASA astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut named to fly aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery for the mission pose for the flight crew portrait at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Left to right (front row) are Janice E. Voss, mission specialist; Eileen M. Collins, pilot; James D. Wetherbee, mission commander; and Vladimir Titov of the Russian Space Agency (RSA), mission specialist. In the rear are Bernard A. Harris Jr., payload commander; and C. Michael Foale, mission specialist.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-106 Mission Specialists Yuri I. Malenchenko, left, and Boris V. Morukov pause at the 195-foot level of Launch Pad 39-B. Malenchenko and Morukov are with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency. The flight crew were at Kennedy Space Center to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT provides the crew with emergency egress training and opportunities to inspect their mission payload in the orbiters payload bay. STS-106 is scheduled to launch Sept. 8, 2000, at 8:31 a.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39B. On the 11-day mission, the seven-member crew will perform support tasks on orbit, transfer supplies and prepare the living quarters in the newly arrived Zvezda Service Module. The first long-duration crew, dubbed “Expedition One,” is due to arrive at the Station in late fall

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Vice President George H.W. Bush, third from left, is pictured with the Spacelab engineering module at the Spacelab Arrival Ceremony in the Operations and Checkout Building as he visits with, from left, astronaut Claude Nicollier, European Space Agency, and payload specialists Ulf Marbod, West Germany, and Wubbo Ockels, the Netherlands. Overhead, in the module, is Owen K. Garriott, U.S. astronaut. The European-built Spacelab, designed to provide a shirt-sleeve environment for scientists working in Earth orbit, is scheduled to fly its first mission in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle in 1983.

STS076-371-002 (25 March 1996) --- The crew of the Space Shuttle Atlantis poses for a traditional inflight portrait on the mid deck. Shannon W. Lucid (rear center) later joined the Mir-21 crew to begin the first leg of her five-month stay aboard Russia's Mir Space Station. From the left on front row are astronauts Linda M. Godwin, mission specialist; Kevin P. Chilton, mission commander; and Richard A. Searfoss, pilot. Left to right on the back row are astronauts Michael R. (Rich) Clifford, Lucid and payload commander Ronald M. Sega, all mission specialists.

STS080-701-004 (19 Nov.-7 Dec. 1996) --- The STS-80 crew used a pre-set 70mm camera onboard the space shuttle Columbia's middeck to record its traditional inflight crew portrait. Back row, left to right, astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell, mission commander; Tamara E. Jernigan, mission specialist; and Kent V. Rominger, pilot. Front row, astronauts Thomas D. Jones (left) and Story Musgrave, both mission specialists.

At Launch Pad 39-B, STS-95 Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, (right) responds to one of many questions he was asked about the mission and training by reporters during a brief break from the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT). Amused with his answer is Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, representing the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). Other crew members (not shown) are Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski, Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, who also serves as Payload Commander, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown, and Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, representing the European Space Agency (ESA). The crew were at the pad for emergency egress training after the break. The TCDT also involves mission familiarization activities and a simulated main engine cut-off exercise. The STS-95 mission, targeted for liftoff on Oct. 29, includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacec

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA -- After a media briefing at Launch Pad 39A, the STS-98 crew poses in the slidewire basket landing zone. Standing, left to right, are Pilot Mark Polansky, Mission Specialist Thomas Jones, Commander Ken Cockrell and Mission Specialists Marsha Ivins and Robert Curbeam. All are at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-98 is the seventh construction flight to the International Space Station, carrying as payload the U.S. Lab Destiny, a key element in the construction of the ISS. Launch of STS-98 is scheduled for Jan. 19 at 2 11 a.m

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Participants pose for a photo at the Space Station Processing Facility ceremony transferring the "Leonardo" Multipurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) from the Italian Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), to NASA. From left, they are astronaut Jim Voss, ASI President Sergio De Julio, European Space Agency astronaut Umberto Guidoni of Italy, NASA Administrator Daniel S. Goldin and European Space Agency astronaut Christer Fuglesang of Sweden. The MPLM, a reusable logistics carrier, will be the primary delivery system used to resupply and return International Space Station cargo requiring a pressurized environment. Leonardo is the first of three MPLM carriers for the International Space Station. It is scheduled to be launched on Space Shuttle Mission STS-100, targeted for April 2000

S71-22401 (March 1971) --- These three astronauts have been named by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- During emergency egress training at the pad, Expedition 5 member Peggy Whitson, STS-111 Pilot Paul Lockhart and Expedition 5 Commander Valeri Korzun look over the slidewire basket area. The training for the two crews is part of Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which also include a simulated launch countdown. Mission STS-111 is known as Utilization Flight 2, carrying supplies and equipment in the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo to the International Space Station. The payload also includes the Mobile Base System, which will be installed on the Mobile Transporter to complete the Canadian Mobile Servicing System, or MSS, and a replacement wrist/roll joint for Canadarm 2. The mechanical arm will then have the capability to "inchworm" from the U.S. Lab Destiny to the MSS and travel along the truss to work sites. Expedition 5 will travel to the Station on Endeavour as the replacement crew for Expedition 4, who will return to Earth abo

S93-31929 (24 March 1993) --- The three mission specialists for NASA's STS-51 mission watch as a crewmate (out of frame) simulates a parachute jump into water during emergency bailout training exercises at the Johnson Space Center's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Left to right are astronauts Daniel W. Bursch, Carl E. Walz and James H. Newman. Out of frame are astronauts Frank L. Culbertson and William F. Readdy, commander and pilot, respectively.

STS-95 Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, and Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, representing the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), listen to the Safety Egress trainer talk about the emergency egress system from the pad. The STS-95 crew are at KSC to participate in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) which includes mission familiarization activities, emergency egress training, and a simulated main engine cut-off exercise. Other crew members are Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski, Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, representing the European Space Agency (ESA), Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown, and Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson. The STS-95 mission, targeted for liftoff on Oct. 29, includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform, the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker, as well as the SPACEHAB

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- (From left) STS-96 Commander Kent V. Rominger and Mission Specialists Julie Payette and Ellen Ochoa look over equipment at the SPACEHAB Facility. Members of the STS-96 crew are taking part in a bench review at SPACEHAB as part of familiarization activities for their upcoming mission. The crew also includes Pilot Rick Husband and Mission Specialists Tamara E. Jernigan, Daniel Barry, and Valery Ivanovich Tokarev. Payette is with the Canadian Space Agency and Tokarev with the Russian Space Agency. Mission STS-96 is the second flight in construction of the International Space Station and will include the SPACEHAB. The 10-day mission is targeted for launch on May 24, 1999, at Launch Pad 39B

S83-29016 (4 March 1983) --- These five astronauts represent the Space Transportation System's (STS) first five-member crew. They will be aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger for the mission, scheduled for June of this year. Astronaut Robert L. Crippen (center, first row) is crew commander. Other crew members are astronauts Frederick H. Hauck, right, pilot; and Sally K. Ride, John M. Fabian and Norman E. Thagard, mission specialists. Seven stars and the Challenger provide the backdrop for the crew's portrait.

STS-83 crew M113 driver training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT

The International Space Station ground operations officially turn over the P6 Integrated Truss Structure to the NASA shuttle integration team in a ceremony in the Space Station Processing Facility. A symbolic key is presented to Brent Jett (at left), commander on mission STS-97, which is taking the P6 to the International Space Station. Next to him are (left to right) Bill Dowdell, mission manager; Mark Sorensen, outboard truss cargo element manager for Boeing; and John Elbon, Boeing ISS director of ground operations at KSC. Among the attendees at left watching the ceremony are other STS-97 crew members (in uniform, from left) Mission Specialists Joe Tanner and Carlos Noriega and Pilot Mike Bloomfield. Mission STS-97is the sixth construction flight to the International Space Station. Its payload includes a photovoltaic (PV) module, with giant solar arrays that will provide power to the Station. The mission involves two spacewalks to complete the solar array connections. STS-97 is sched

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the Shuttle Landing Facility on NASA Kennedy Space Center, STS-114 Pilot James Kelly (center left) and Mission Commander Eileen Collins (center right) pause for a photo after exiting the Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA) behind them. With them are fellow crew members Mission Specialist Charles Camarda (far left) and Mission Specialist Stephen Robinson (far right). Collins and Kelly have been practicing night landings in the STA in preparation for the mission. The STA is a modified Grumman American Aviation-built Gulf Stream II executive jet that was modified to simulate an orbiters cockpit, motion and visual cues, and handling qualities. In flight, the STA duplicates the orbiters atmospheric descent trajectory from approximately 35,000 feet altitude to landing on a runway. Because the orbiter is unpowered during re-entry and landing, its high-speed glide must be perfectly executed the first time. Return to Flight Mission STS-114 is scheduled to launch aboa

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- The crew of STS-102, plus Expedition Two astronauts, poses in front of Leonardo, the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module that will fly on the mission. From left are Susan Helms and James Voss, part of Expedition Two; Mission Specialists Paul W. Richards and Andrew S.W. Thomas; Pilot James M. Kelly; and Commander James D. Wetherbee. Not shown is cosmonaut Yuri Usachev, who is also part of Expedition Two. The MPLM is the first of three such pressurized modules that will serve as the International Space Stations “moving vans,” carrying laboratory racks filled with equipment, experiments and supplies to and from the Space Station aboard the Space Shuttle. Leonardo will be launched March 1, 2001, on Shuttle mission STS-102. On that flight, Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module Destiny. The mission will also be carrying the Expedition Two crew to the Space Station, replacing the Expedition One crew who will return o

At the Shuttle Landing Facility, the STS-103 crew is greeted by Loren Shriver, Deputy Director for Launch and Payload Processing, upon their arrival aboard T-38 jets to make final preparations for launch. From left are Mission Specialist C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), Pilot Scott J. Kelly, Mission Specialist John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.) (hidden behind Kelly), Mission Specialist Claude Nicollier of Switzerland, Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Mission Specialist Steven L. Smith, Mission Specialist Jean-François Clervoy of France, Loren Shriver, and Delores Green with KSC's Astronaut Office. Nicollier and Clervoy are with the European Space Agency. Shriver was the commander of the STS-31 crew which originally deployed the telescope in April of 1990. The STS-103 mission, to service the Hubble Space Telescope a third time, is scheduled for launch Dec. 11 at 12:13 a.m. EST from Launch Pad 39B

S83-31046 (4 April 1983) --- Astronaut Sally K. Ride, mission specialist for STS-7, scheduled for June 1983, records some of the prelaunch activity for STS-6 on 35mm film at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Astronaut William B. Lenoir, STS-5 mission specialist, is at left. Others pictured include Richard W. Nygren (center), chief of the vehicle integration section of the operations division at JSC; and astronaut William F. Fisher, second right.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The Apollo 12 astronauts, left to right, Charles Conrad Jr., Richard F. Gordon, and Alan L. Bean, pose in front of a NASA T-38 training aircraft at Patrick Air Force Base. Eacht astronaut piloted his own T-38, performing aerobatics in preparation for their mission, the second manned lunar landing.

S65-58502 (4 Nov. 1965) --- This is the portrait of the prime and backup crew members of the Gemini-Titan 8 (GT-8) mission. Astronauts David R. Scott (left), pilot; and astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, command pilot, are the prime crew of the Gemini-8 mission. Backup crew (left to right, standing) are astronauts Richard F. Gordon Jr., pilot; and Charles Conrad Jr., command pilot.

STS-88 crew members depart the Operations and Checkout Building to board the astronaut van (at right) for the short journey to Launch Pad 39A where the Space Shuttle Endeavour is poised for liftoff of the first U.S. launch dedicated to the assembly of the International Space Station. In front row, from left, are Pilot Frederick W. "Rick" Sturckow, Mission Specialist Nancy J. Currie and Commander Robert D. Cabana. In back row, from left, are Mission Specialists Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev, a Russian cosmonaut; Jerry L. Ross and James H. Newman. Liftoff is targeted for 3:35 a.m. EST on Dec. 4

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the SPACEHAB Facility, (left to right) STS-96 Pilot Rick Husband and Mission Specialists Julie Payette and Ellen Ochoa work the straps on the Sequential Shunt Unit (SSU) in front of them. The STS-96 crew is at KSC for a payload Interface Verification Test (IVT) for its upcoming mission to the International Space Station . Other crew members at KSC for the IVT are Commander Kent Rominger and Mission Specialists Tamara Jernigan, Dan Barry and Valery Tokarev of Russia. The SSU is part of the cargo on Mission STS-96, which carries the SPACEHAB Logistics Double Module, with equipment to further outfit the International Space Station service module and equipment that can be off-loaded from the early U.S. assembly flights. The SPACEHAB carries internal logistics and resupply cargo for station outfitting, plus an external Russian cargo crane to be mounted to the exterior of the Russian station segment and used to perform space walking maintenance activities. Th

The crew of Apollo 14, L-R: Stuart Roosa, Alan Shepard, Edgar Mitchell, 1971.

The STS-99 crew pose for a photo after their arrival at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility. From left are Mission Specialists Gerhard Thiele, and Janice Voss (Ph.D.), Commander Kevin Kregel, Mission Specialists Janet Lynn Kavandi (Ph.D.) and Mamoru Mohri, and Pilot Dominic Gorie. Thiele is with the European Space Agency and Mohri is with the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan. The crew are here to take part in a Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT), which provides simulated countdown exercises, emergency egress training, and opportunities to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. STS-99 is the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, which will chart a new course, using two antennae and a 200-foot-long section of space station-derived mast protruding from the payload bay to produce unrivaled 3-D images of the Earth's surface. The result of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission could be close to 1 trillion measurements of the Earth's topography. Besides c

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, astronaut Stephen Frick and STS-114 Mission Specialist Wendy Lawrence watch as crew members work with equipment that will be used on the mission. Frick is a tile specialist, who joined the STS-114 crew during equipment familiarization at KSC. STS-114 is classified as Logistics Flight 1 to the International Space Station, delivering new supplies and replacing one of the orbital outposts Control Moment Gyroscopes (CMGs). STS-114 will also carry a Raffaello Multi-Purpose Logistics Module and the External Stowage Platform-2. The crew is slated to conduct at least three spacewalks: They will demonstrate repair techniques of the Shuttles Thermal Protection System, replace the failed CMG with one delivered by the Shuttle, and install the External Stowage Platform.

During a break in the Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT), Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr.(left), a senator from Ohio, greets Bobby Miranda. Miranda was a NASA photographer for Glenn's first flight on Friendship 7, February 1962. In the background is Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski. The CEIT gives astronauts an opportunity for a hands-on look at the payloads and equipment with which they will be working on orbit. The launch of the STS-95 mission is scheduled for Oct. 29, 1998, on the Space Shuttle Discovery. The mission includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform, the International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker, as well as the SPACEHAB single module with experiments on space flight and the aging process

At the slidewire basket landing near Launch Pad 39B, the Expedition Two crew poses for a photograph. From left to right are Susan Helms, Yury Usachev and James Voss. They are flying on Space Shuttle Discovery (seen in the background) as mission specialists for STS-102, joining Commander James Wetherbee, Pilot James Kelly and Mission Specialists Andrew Thomas and Paul Richards for the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station. Voss, Helms and Usachev will be replacing the Expedition One crew, who will return to Earth with Discovery. STS-102 will be carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8

STS-95 Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain (left), representing the European Space Agency (ESA), and Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski (right) signal they are ready to leave Launch Pad 39B in the slidewire basket during an emergency egress exercise. Duque and Parazynski, along with other crew members, are at KSC to participate in the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) which includes mission familiarization activities, emergency egress training, and a simulated main engine cutoff. Not shown are Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown, Pilot Steven W. Lindsey, Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson, Payload Specialists John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, and Chiaki Mukai (M.D., Ph.D.), representing the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). The STS-95 mission, targeted for liftoff on Oct. 29, includes research payloads such as the Spartan solar-observing deployable spacecraft, the Hubble Space Telescope Orbital Systems Test Platform, the International Extreme

In the SPACEHAB Facility, STS-96 Mission Specialists Dan Barry and Tamara Jernigan discuss procedures during a payload Interface Verification Test (IVT) for their upcoming mission to the International Space Station. Other STS-96 crew members at KSC for the IVT are Commander Kent Rominger, Pilot Rick Husband and Mission Specialists Ellen Ochoa, Julie Payette and Valery Tokarev of Russia. Mission STS-96 carries the SPACEHAB Logistics Double Module, which will have equipment to further outfit the International Space Station service module and equipment that can be off-loaded from the early U.S. assembly flights. It carries internal logistics and resupply cargo for station outfitting, plus an external Russian cargo crane to be mounted to the exterior of the Russian station segment and used to perform space walking maintenance activities. The double module stowage provides capacity of up to 10,000 lbs. with the ability to accommodate powered payloads, four external rooftop stowage locations

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-114 Commander Eileen Collins places a mission patch on an M-113 armored personnel carrier during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. Looking on are Mission Specialists Andrew Thomas, Stephen Robinson and Soichi Noguchi, who is with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency.. The crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT is held at KSC prior to each Space Shuttle flight. It provides the crew of each mission an opportunity to participate in simulated countdown activities. The test ends with a mock launch countdown culminating in a simulated main engine cutoff. The crew also spends time undergoing emergency egress training exercises at the launch pad. STS-114 is designated the first Return to Flight mission, with a launch window extending from July 13 to July 31.

STS-55 crewmembers pose with United States and German flags inside the Spacelab Deutsche 2 (SL-D2) science module located in the payload bay (PLB) of Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. Wearing communications kit assembly headsets (HDSTs) are (left to right) Mission Specialist 1 (MS1) and Payload Commander (PLC) Jerry L. Ross, MS3 Bernard A. Harris, Jr, German Payload Specialist 1 Ulrich Walter, and Payload Specialist 2 Hans Schlegel.

Members of the STS-102 crew and workers in the Orbiter Processing Facility bay 1 look over the windows of the orbiter Discovery, which will fly on their mission. Kneeling at left are Commander James D. Wetherbee and Pilot James W. Kelly; at right is Mission Specialist Paul W. Richards. The mission crew is at KSC for Crew Equipment Interface Test activities. STS-102 is the 8th construction flight to the International Space Station and will carry the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. STS-102 is scheduled for launch March 1, 2001. On that flight, Leonardo will be filled with equipment and supplies to outfit the U.S. laboratory module Destiny. The mission will also be carrying the Expedition Two crew to the Space Station, replacing the Expedition One crew who will return on Shuttle Discovery

S89-45737 (19 September 1989) --- Official STS-33 crew portrait. These five astronauts will be aboard the space shuttle Discovery for a scheduled November 1989 mission for the Department of Defense (DOD). Frederick D. Gregory (center, front) is mission commander. He is flanked by Kathryn C. Thornton and F. Story Musgrave, mission specialists. At rear are Manley L. Carter, Jr., mission specialist, and John E. Blaha, pilot.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Four members of the STS-98 crew pose for a photo at Launch Pad 39A. Standing, left to right, are Mission Specialist Robert Curbeam, Pilot Mark Polansky, Commander Ken Cockrell and Mission Specialist Thomas Jones. Not pictured is Mission Specialist Marsha Ivins. The crew is at KSC to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-98 is the seventh construction flight to the International Space Station, carrying as payload the U.S. Lab Destiny, a key element in the construction of the ISS. Launch of STS-98 is scheduled for Jan. 19 at 2:11 a.m

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- On KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility, STS-99 crew members check the underside of Space Shuttle Endeavour after completing the 11-day, 5-hour, 38-minute-long mission. From left are Mission Specialists Mamoru Mohri of Japan and Gerhard Thiele of Germany, with Commander Kevin Kregel. Main gear touchdown was at 6:22:23 p.m. EST Feb. 22 , landing on orbit 181 of the mission. Nose gear touchdown was at 6:22:35 p.m.. EST, and wheel stop at 6:23:25 p.m. EST. The other crew members are Pilot Dominic Gorie and Mission Specialists Janet Kavandi and Janice Voss. The crew are returning from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, after mapping more than 47 million square miles of the Earth's surface. This was the 97th flight in the Space Shuttle program and the 14th for Endeavour, also marking the 50th landing at KSC, the 21st consecutive landing at KSC, and the 28th in the last 29 Shuttle flights

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- The STS-91 flight crew poses for a group portrait in front of Space Shuttle Discovery at Launch Complex 39A during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT is held at KSC prior to each Space Shuttle flight to provide crews with an opportunity to participate in simulated countdown activities. From left to right, they are Pilot Dominic Gorie; Mission Specialists Franklin Chang-Diaz, Ph.D.; Wendy B. Lawrence and Janet Kavandi, Ph.D.; Mission Commander Charles Precourt; and Mission Specialist Valery Ryumin, with the Russian Space Agency. STS-91 is scheduled to be launched on June 2 with a launch window opening around 6:10 p.m. EDT. The mission will feature the ninth Shuttle docking with the Russian Space Station Mir, the first Mir docking for Discovery, the conclusion of Phase I of the joint U.S.-Russian International Space Station Program, and the first flight of the new Space Shuttle super lightweight external tank. Andrew Thomas, P

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - STS-114 Commander Eileen Collins and Mission Specialists Charles Camarda and Soichi Noguchi sit outside the crew hatch on the orbiter Discovery. Noguchi is with the Japanese Aerospace and Exploration Agency. They and other crew members are at KSC becoming familiar with Shuttle and mission equipment. The mission is Logistics Flight 1, which is scheduled to deliver supplies and equipment plus the external stowage platform to the International Space Station.

STS-95 Payload Specialist Chiaki Mukai, with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), Pilot Steven W. Lindsey and Payload Specialist John H. Glenn Jr., senator from Ohio, share a light moment while visiting with their families on Launch Pad 39B. In the background, at right, is Mission Specialist Stephen K. Robinson. The crew were making final preparations for launch, targeted for liftoff at 2 p.m. on Oct. 29. Other crew members not shown are Mission Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Mission Specialist Pedro Duque of Spain, with the European Space Agency (ESA), and Mission Specialist Scott E. Parazynski. The STS-95 mission is expected to last 8 days, 21 hours and 49 minutes, returning to KSC at 11:49 a.m. EST on Nov. 7

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At SPACEHAB, in Cape Canaveral, Fla., members of the STS-101 crew take part in Crew Equipment Interface Test (CEIT) activities, learning about some of the equipment they will be working with on their mission to the International Space Station. Looking over one of the elements are Mission Specialists Susan Helms and Yuri Usachev. Behind them are Mission Specialist James Voss, Commander James Halsell, and Mission Specialists Jeffrey Williams and Mary Ellen Weber. Also taking part in the CEIT is Pilot Scott Horowitz (not shown). The STS-101 crew will be responsible for preparing the Space Station for the arrival of the Zvezda Service Module, expected to be launched by Russia in July 2000. Also, the crew will conduct one space walk to perform maintenance on the Space Station and deliver logistics and supplies. This will be the third assembly flight for the Space Station. STS-101 is scheduled to launch no earlier than April 13 from Launch Pad 39A

The STS-58 crew portrait includes astronauts (seated left to right) David A. Wolf, Shannon W. Lucid, and Rhea Seddon, all mission specialists; and Richard A. Searfoss, pilot. Standing in the rear, left to right, are John E. Blaha, commander; William S. McArthur, Jr., mission specialist; and Martin J. Fettmen, payload specialist. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on October 18, 1993 at 10 53 10 a.m. (EDT), STS-58 served as the second dedicated Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-2) mission.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Visiting the engine room of the Liberty Star, one of two SRB Retrieval Ships, are STS-114 crew members Soichi Noguchi, mission specialist, Eileen Collins, commander, and Stephen Robinson, mission specialist. Noguchi is with the Japanese space agency NASDA. Not pictured is Pilot James Kelly. On their mission, the crew will carry the MultiPurpose Logistics Module (MPLM) Raffaello and External Stowage Platform 2 to the International Space Station. The MPLM will contain supplies and equipment. Another goal of the mission is to remove and replace a Control Moment Gyro. Launch date for mission STS-114 is under review.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- STS-88 Mission Specialists Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev (left) and James H. Newman (right) are ready to leave Launch Pad 39A in the slidewire basket during an emergency egress exercise. The crew are at KSC to participate in the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) which includes mission familiarization activities, emergency egress training, and the simulated main engine cut-off exercise. Mission STS-88 is targeted for launch on Dec. 3, 1998. It is the first U.S. flight for the assembly of the International Space Station and will carry the Unity connecting module. Unity will be mated with the already orbiting Russian-built Zarya control module. The 12-day mission includes three planned spacewalks to connect power, data and utility lines and install exterior equipment

Jim Halsell Jr. (left), former mission commander and now the manager, Shuttle Program Integration Office, chats with STS-106 Mission Specialists Boris V. Morukov (center) and Yuri I. Malenchenko (right) after their arrival at KSC. Morukov and Malenchenko, who are with the Russian Aviation and Space Agency, are at KSC with the rest of the crew to take part in Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include emergency egress training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-106 is scheduled to launch Sept. 8, 2000, at 8:31 a.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39B. On the 11-day mission, the seven-member crew will perform support tasks on orbit, transfer supplies and prepare the living quarters in the newly arrived Zvezda Service Module. The first long-duration crew, dubbed Expedition One,” is due to arrive at the Station in late fall

The STS-96 crew listen to Capt. Steve Kelly, with Space Gateway Support, who is assisting with emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. The TCDT also provides simulated countdown exercises and opportunities to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. From left are Mission Specialist Daniel Barry (M.D., Ph.D.), Pilot Rick Douglas Husband, Mission Specialists Valery Ivanovich Tokarev, Ellen Ochoa (Ph.D.), Tamara E. Jernigan (Ph.D.) and Julie Payette, and Commander Kent V. Rominger. Next to Rominger is Douglas Hamilton, Canadian flight surgeon. Payette is with the Canadian Space Agency. Tokarev represents the Russian Space Agency. Mission STS-96, which is scheduled for liftoff on May 20 at 9:32 a.m., is a logistics and resupply mission for the International Space Station, carrying such payloads as a Russian crane, the Strela; a U.S.-built crane; the Spacehab Oceaneering Space System Box (SHOSS), a logistics items carrier;

The seven astronauts included in the STS-55 crew portrait are (front left to right) Terence (Tom) Henricks, pilot; Steven R. Negal, commander; and Charles J. Precourt, mission specialist. On the back row, from left to right, are Bernard A. Harris, mission specialist; Hans Schlegel, payload specialist; Jerry L. Ross, mission specialist; and Ulrich Walter, payload specialist. The crew launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on April 26, 1993 at 10 50 00 am (EDT). The major payload was the German Dedicated Spacelab, D2.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Taking part in In-Flight Maintenance training, the STS-107 crew poses in front of the SPACEHAB Double Module. In back are Mission Specialist Laurel Clark, Payload Specialist Ilan Ramon of Israel, and Mission Specialist Kalpana Chawla; in front are Mission Specialist David M. Brown, Commander Rick D. Husband, Pilot William C. Willie” McCool (behind) and Mission Specialist Michael Anderson. As a research mission, STS-107 will carry the SPACEHAB Double Module in its first research flight into space and a broad collection of experiments ranging from material science to life science. It is scheduled to launch July 19, 2001

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - The STS-108 and Expedition 4 crews pose outside the hatch to Endeavour. Standing left to right are Daniel W. Bursch, Mission Commander Dominic L. Gorie, Pilot Mark E. Kelly and Expedition 4 Commander Yuri Onufrienko. Gorie and Onufrienko hold the patch for the mission. Kneeling in front are Expedition 4 member Carl E. Walz and Mission Specialists Daniel M. Tani and Linda A. Godwin. Crew members are at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities that include a simulated launch countdown, plus the emergency exit training from the orbiter and launch pad. STS-108 is a Utilization Flight that will carry the replacement Expedition 4 crew to the International Space Station, as well as the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, filled with supplies and equipment. The l1-day mission is scheduled for launch Nov. 29 on Space Shuttle Endeavour

STS032-57-006 (9-20 Jan 1990) --- The five astronaut crew members used a pre-set 35mm camera to take this in-flight crew portrait. Astronauts Daniel C. Brandenstein (right, rear), mission commander, and James D. Wetherbee (left, rear), pilot, were in charge of controlling the Space Shuttle Columbia during its record-setting 11-day stay in Earth-orbit as well as performing a variety of other chores. Mission specialists performing a number of experiments and tackling a myriad of miscellaneous tasks were, left to right on the front row: astronauts Marsha S. Ivins, Bonnie J. Dunbar and G. David Low. Together the quintet retrieved the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF), released into space the Syncom IV-5 communications satellite, took photos of Earth, performed troubleshooting duties and adhered to a busy agenda during their stay aboard Columbia. This picture was used by the astronauts at their January 30, 1990 Post Flight Press Conference (PFPC) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC)

(9-20 Jan 1990) --- The five astronaut crew members used a pre-set 35mm camera to take this in-flight crew portrait. Astronauts Daniel C. Brandenstein (right, rear), mission commander, and James D. Wetherbee (left, rear), pilot, were in charge of controlling the Space Shuttle Columbia during its record-setting 11-day stay in Earth-orbit as well as performing a variety of other chores. .

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Standing in a slidewire basket at KSCs Launch Pad 39A are, left to right, STS-89 Mission Specialists Salizhan Sharipov of the Russian Space Agency and James Reilly, Ph.D., with Pilot Joe Edwards Jr. The seven astronauts assigned to the eighth Shuttle-Mir docking flight are completing Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. A dress rehearsal for launch, the TCDT includes emergency egress training at the launch pad and culminates with a simulated countdown. STS-89 Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas, Ph.D, will transfer to the Russian Space Station Mir and succeed David Wolf, M.D., who will return to Earth aboard Endeavour. The Space Shuttle Endeavour is undergoing preparations for liftoff, scheduled for Jan. 22. Dr. Thomas will live and work on Mir until June

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - In NASA Kennedy Space Center's Orbiter Processing Facility 1, STS-129 crew members open some of the equipment that will be used on the mission. From left are Mission Specialist Leland Melvin, Commander Charles Hobaugh and Mission Specialist Randy Bresnik. The crew is at Kennedy for a Crew Equipment Interface Test, which provides hands-on training and observation of shuttle and flight hardware. Space shuttle Atlantis' STS-129 mission is targeted to launch Nov. 12.

Apollo 8 Crewmembers

STS-102 Mission Specialists Yury Usachev (left), Susan Helms (center) and James Voss (right) take time to pose for the camera after emergency escape training on the 195-foot level of the Fixed Service Structure, Launch Pad 39B. They are the Expedition Two crew who will be flying to the International Space Station on mission STS-102 to replace Expedition One. The STS-102 crew is at KSC for Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test activities, which include the emergency training and a simulated launch countdown. STS-102 is the eighth construction flight to the International Space Station, with Space Shuttle Discovery carrying the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Leonardo. Expedition One will return to Earth with Discovery. Launch on mission STS-102 is scheduled for March 8

S82-33227 (4 July 1982) --- President and First Lady Reagan share a meeting with Astronauts Thomas K. Mattingly II, right, and Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., after the successful landing of the Space Shuttle Columbia at Edwards Air Force Base today. Besides the Columbia, pictures, the new Space Shuttle Challenger and the Enterprise (vehicle used for test flights in the lower atmosphere in 1977), were also present at Edwards AFB. The latter served as a backdrop for the Presidents podium from which he made a brief speech.

(13 Dec 1984) --- Candid view of part of the STS 61-A crew. From left to right are Reinhard Furrer, Wubbo Ockels, Guion S. Bluford, Bonnie J. Dunbar and Ernst Messerschmid.

The crew of Apollo 11, 1969.Artist: NASA

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The STS-116 crew share thoughts during training at SPACEHAB in Port Canaveral, Fla. From left are Mission Specialist Robert Curbeam, Commander Terrence Wilcutt, Mission Specialist Christer Fuglesang and Pilot William Oefelein. Objective of their mission to the International Space Station is to deliver and attach the third port truss segment, the P5 Truss, deactivate and retract the P6 Truss Channel 4B (port-side) solar array, and reconfigure station power from 2A and 4A solar arrays. A launch date is under review.

61A-117-019 (30 Oct.-6 Nov. 1985) --- Traditional in-flight portrait of all eight STS-61A crew members was made with an automatic exposure of a 35mm camera. Left to right, back row, Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., commander; Bonnie J. Dunbar, mission specialist; James F. Buchli, mission specialist; and Reinhard Furrer, payload specialist. Left to right, front row, Ernst Messerschmid, payload specialist; Wubbo J. Ockels, payload specialist representing the European Space Agency (ESA); Steven R. Nagel, pilot; and Guion S. Bluford Jr., mission specialist.

S76-29560 (17 Sept 1976) - - - Astronaut Joe H. Engle, commander of the second crew for the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests (ALT), is photographed at the Rockwell International Space Divisions Orbiter assembly facility at Palmdale, California on the day of the roll out of the Space Shuttle Orbiter 101 Enterprise spacecraft. The DC-size airplane-like Orbiter 101 is in the background.

61C-21-009 (12-17 Jan 1986) --- Four members of the seven-man STS 61-C crew aboard the Columbia convene at the commander's station during the five-day mission which kicks off a busy 1986 for the Space Transportation System (STS). Astronaut Robert L. Gibson (center frame), mission commander, is surrounded by (l.-r.). Astronaut Steven A. Hawley, mission specialist, an unidentified crewmember (only partially visible) and astronaut Charles F. Bolden, pilot.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Astronaut John Herrington (left) shows a mockup of the U.S. Lab to Norm Abram, master carpenter of televisions "This Old House" and "The New Yankee Workshop." Abram is at KSC to film an episode of "This Old House." The mockup lab is in the International Space Station Center, a tour facility

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-89 Commander Terrence Wilcutt, at left, shakes hands with Pilot Joe Edwards Jr. under the orbiter Endeavour after it landed on Runway 15 at KSCs Shuttle Landing Facility Jan. 31. Kneeling in front of the wheel of the orbiter's nose, the commander and pilot congratulate each other on a perfect alignment of the wheel down the center of the runway. The 89th Space Shuttle mission was the 42nd (and 13th consecutive) landing of the orbiter at KSC, and STS-89 was the eighth of nine planned dockings of the orbiter with the Russian Space Station Mir. STS-89 Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas, Ph.D., succeeded NASA astronaut and Mir 24 crew member David Wolf, M.D., who was on the Russian space station since late September 1997. Dr. Wolf returned to Earth on Endeavour with the remainder of the STS-89 crew, including Commander Wilcutt; Pilot Edwards; and Mission Specialists James Reilly, Ph.D.; Michael Anderson; Bonnie Dunbar, Ph.D.; and Salizhan Sharipov of the Ru

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Astronaut John Herrington (left) and Norm Abram, master carpenter of televisions "This Old House" and "The New Yankee Workshop," talk in front of a mockup of the U.S. Lab. Abram is at KSC to film an episode of "This Old House." The mockup lab is in the International Space Station Center, a tour facility

S90-41365 (11 June 1990) --- Crewmembers assigned to NASA's STS-40/Spacelab Life Sciences (SLS-1) mission take a brief break during emergency egress training in the Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). In the foreground are astronauts Rhea Seddon and payload specialist F. Drew Gaffney. In the background, also wearing an orange partial pressure, ascent/entry suit is astronaut Tamara E. Jernigan, mission specialist. Not in the frame are astronauts Bryan D. O'Connor, mission commander; Sidney M. Gutierrez, pilot; James P. Bagian, mission specialist, and payload specialist Millie Fulford-Hughes.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- STS-89 Mission Specialist Bonnie Dunbar, Ph.D., at left, discusses the mission with Mission Specialist Salizhan Sharipov of the Russian Space Agency under the orbiter Endeavour after it landed on Runway 15 at KSCs Shuttle Landing Facility Jan. 31. The 89th Space Shuttle mission was the 42nd (and 13th consecutive) landing of the orbiter at KSC, and STS-89 was the eighth of nine planned dockings of the orbiter with the Russian Space Station Mir. STS-89 Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas, Ph.D., succeeded NASA astronaut and Mir 24 crew member David Wolf, M.D., who was on the Russian space station since late September 1997. Dr. Wolf returned to Earth on Endeavour with the remainder of the STS-89 crew, including Commander Terrence Wilcutt; Pilot Joe Edwards Jr.; and Mission Specialists James Reilly, Ph.D.; Michael Anderson; Dr. Dunbar; and Sharipov. Dr. Thomas is scheduled to remain on Mir until the STS-91 Shuttle mission returns in June 1998. In addition to the

Capt. Steve Kelly (left), with Space Gateway Support, explains to STS-96 Mission Specialist Valery Ivanovich Tokarev the use of the small armored personnel carrier that is part of emergency egress training during Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT) activities. Behind him are Commander Kent V. Rominger and Mission Specialist Ellen Ochoa (Ph.D.). The tracked vehicle could be used by the crew in the event of an emergency at the pad during which the crew must make a quick exit from the area. The TCDT also provides simulated countdown exercises and opportunities to inspect the mission payloads in the orbiter's payload bay. Other crew members taking part in the TCDT are Pilot Rick Douglas Husband and Mission Specialists Tamara E. Jernigan (Ph.D.), Daniel Barry (M.D., Ph.D.), and Julie Payette, with the Canadian Space Agency. Tokarev is with the Russian Space Agency. Mission STS-96, which is scheduled for liftoff on May 20 at 9:32 a.m., is a logistics and resupply mission for the Int

At the Shuttle Landing Facility (from left to right), STS-93 Mission Specialist Michel Tognini of France, representing the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), and NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin talk with Jacques Ratie, Astronaut Director, CNES, and Serge Plattard, International Relations, CNES. Landing occurred on runway 33 with main gear touchdown at 11:20:35 p.m. EDT on July 27. The mission's primary objective was to deploy the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which will allow scientists from around the world to study some of the most distant, powerful and dynamic objects in the universe. This was the 95th flight in the Space Shuttle program and the 26th for Columbia. The landing was the 19th consecutive Shuttle landing in Florida and the 12th night landing in Shuttle program history. On this mission, Eileen Collins became the first woman to serve as a Shuttle commander

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